常春藤解析英語 61 Saving Blood, Saving Lives　捐『血』一袋，救人一命

Saving Blood, Saving Lives　捐『血』一袋，救人一命

by Luke Dodds

Having a baby can inspire new parents to try the latest method for ensuring their child's health. _(1)_

Cord blood is collected immediately after a baby is born. The blood is valuable because it is rich in stem cells that can be used in treating diseases like childhood cancers and immune system disorders. _(2)_ Stem cells, on the other hand, can easily turn into useful red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (血小板), which restore the immune system and help patients become healthy again. Although stem cells can also be taken from other sources, cord blood stem cells are especially valuable because they are easily accepted into a patient's body, _(3)_ The potential for future uses of stem cells, such as the creation of entire rgans, is another reason people are considering storing their baby's cord blood.

However, there are drawbacks. _(4)_ Second, the effort might be wasted since it's highly unlikely that a stem cell transplant will ever be needed. And third, if such a transplant were necessary, it's doubtful that the child's own cord blood would be better than that from another donor. Furthermore, even if a child's disease can be treated with cord blood, _(5)_ For these reasons, doctors discourage private cord blood storage, but support the donation of cord blood to public blood banks. If a transplant were necessary, a likely match could be found in a public bank.

Storing a child's cord blood could possibly save his or her life someday. However, it could also turn out to be a waste of resources and money. Despite the drawbacks, many parents are choosing to spend money on cord blood storage, just in case.

(A) Treatment of such diseases normally involves radiation that can be harmful to the patient.

(B) To begin with, storing cord blood is quite expensive.

(C) it may be likely that the child's own cord blood stem cells carry the same defect that caused the disease.

(D) while other types of stem cells are often rejected.

(E) Recently, that method has been storing the blood from newborn babies' umbilical cords (臍帶).

原來如此

1. 第一題空格應(yīng)選 (E)

理由:

a. 空格前一句提到，對于新手爸媽而言，新生兒的到來會促使他們嘗試最新的方法(method)來確保孩子的健康。

b. (E) 選項的句子說，在最近，那種方法(method)便是儲存新生兒的臍帶血，語意連貫，因此 (E) 應(yīng)為正選。

大補丸:

umbilical cord n. 臍帶

umbilicus n. 肚臍

2. 第二題空格應(yīng)選 (A)

理由:

a. 空格前一句表示，臍帶血相當(dāng)珍貴是由于它富含干細(xì)胞，可以用來治療(can be used in treating)兒童癌癥和免疫系統(tǒng)失調(diào)。

b. (A) 選項的句子主詞是 Treatment of such diseases(這些疾病的治療)，和前一句的 treating 產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)，故 (A) 應(yīng)為正選。

大補丸:

a. treatment n. 治療

b. involve vt. 包含，需要

例: I didn't know making a movie involved so much work.

(我不知道制作一部電影需要做這么多的工作。)

c. radiation n. 放射線

d. be harmful to...　　對……有害

例: Secondhand smoke is harmful to your health.

(二手煙有害健康。)

3. 第三題空格應(yīng)選 (D)

理由:

a. 空格前的句子提到，雖然干細(xì)胞可以從別的來源取得(be taken from other sources)，但臍帶血的干細(xì)胞特別寶貴，因為容易被病人接受(are easily accepted into a patient's body)，且空格前為逗點，可知應(yīng)置入小寫開頭的選項。

b. (D) 項的句子 為 while 開頭，并提到其它來源的干細(xì)胞(other types of stems cells)則經(jīng)常被人體排斥(are often rejected)，與空格前的句子形成反差，因此 (D) 應(yīng)為正選。

大補丸:

reject vt. 排斥;拒絕

例: David's body rejected the donor's liver.

(戴維的身體排斥捐贈者的肝臟。)

4. 第四題空格應(yīng)選 (B)

理由:

a. 空格前的句子表示，臍帶血也有其缺點，空格后則接連列舉其缺點。

b. (B) 項的句子開頭為 To begin with(首先)，儲存臍帶血所費不貲，與空格后連續(xù)幾個說明臍帶血其它缺點的句子 "Second, ..."(第二，……)、"And third, ..."(第三，……)、"Furthermore, ..."(此外，……)等形成語意連貫，故 (B) 應(yīng)為正選。

大補丸:

to begin with　　首先(常用于句首)

例: I can't come out tonight. To begin with, I have a lot of homework, and I also have to clean my room.

(我今晚無法出門。首先，我有很多功課要做，而且還得打掃房間。)

5. 第五題空格應(yīng)選 (C)

理由:

a. 空格前的句子提到，就算臍帶血(cord blood)可以用來治療孩童的疾病(a child's disease)，且空格前為逗點，可知應(yīng)置入小寫開頭的選項。

b. (C) 項的句子為 it 開頭，并提到孩童自己的臍帶血干細(xì)胞(the child's own cord blood stem cells)很有可能帶有造成疾病的相同缺陷(the same defect that caused the disease)，分別與逗點前的 cord blood 及 a child's disease 形成相關(guān)，故 (C) 應(yīng)為正選。

大補丸:

a. it is likely + that 子句　　很有可能……

例: If we go to the mountains, it's likely that Peter will want to come, too.

(如果我們要去爬山，彼得可能也想一同前往。)

b. defect n. 缺陷

難句分析

* ..., it's doubtful that the child's own cord blood would be better than that from another donor.

= ..., it's doubtful that the child's own cord blood would be better than the cord blood from another donor.

(……，嬰兒自身取得的干細(xì)胞也不見得會比來自其它捐贈者的好。)

精解字詞詞組

1. inspire sb to V　　激勵某人(做)……

例: The article about Picasso inspired me to try to paint in a cubist style.

(這篇關(guān)于畢加索的文章激勵我嘗試立體派的畫法。)

2. be rich in...　　含有豐富的……;富含……

例: Greece is rich in history, and many of its ancient buildings are still standing.

(希臘有悠久的歷史，許多古老的建筑仍屹立不搖。)

3. on the other hand　　另一方面

on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...

一方面……，另一方面……

例: On one hand, we could go to see a movie. On the other hand, we could just rent one.

(一方面來說，我們可以去看電影;但另一方面，我們也可以去租片子來看。)

4. restore vt. 恢復(fù)，修復(fù)

例: The good job you did on the last project restored my confidence in you.

(上個項目你做得非常好，讓我重拾對你的信心。)

5. transplant n. 移植 & vt. 移植

例: Daniel hurt his face badly, so the doctor transplanted skin to his face.

(丹尼爾的臉傷得很重，所以醫(yī)生把皮膚移植到他的臉上。)

6. doubtful a. 不明確的，令人懷疑的

例: It is highly doubtful that the police will find the real murderer.

(警方能否找到真兇實在令人非常懷疑。)

7. discourage vt. 勸阻;使沮喪

discourage sb from V-ing　　 勸某人不要(做)……

encourage sb to V　　鼓勵某人(做)……

例: She tried to discourage him from climbing the mountain by telling him that there were monsters at the top.

(她試圖用山頂上有怪物來勸他不要爬那座山。)

8. turn out (to be) + N/adj.　　結(jié)果是……

例: I thought the show was going to be great, but it turned out to be pretty bad.

(我原本以為這場秀會很棒，結(jié)果卻糟透了。)

單字小鋪

1. ensure vt. 確保

2. stem cell n. 干細(xì)胞

3. immune system n. 免疫系統(tǒng)

4. disorder n. 失調(diào)

5. platelet n. 血小板

6. potential n. 潛力，可能性

7. organ n. 器官

8. drawback n. 缺點

9. donor n. 捐贈者

donation n. 捐贈

10. storage n. 貯藏

11. someday adv. 有朝一日

詞組小鋪

1. immediately after...　　……之后立即

2. turn into...　　變成……

3. spend + 金錢 + on...　　花費……(金錢)在……上

4. just in case　　以防萬一

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

對于新手爸媽而言，新生兒的到來會促使他們嘗試最新的方法來確保孩子的健康。最近，那種方法便是儲存新生兒的臍帶血。

臍帶血在嬰兒一出生后就立刻被采集。臍帶血的珍貴之處在于它富含干細(xì)胞，可以用來治療兒童癌癥和免疫系統(tǒng)失調(diào)等疾病。這些疾病的治療往往含有放射線，會對病人造成傷害。另一方面，干細(xì)胞可以輕易轉(zhuǎn)換成有用的紅血球、白血球和血小板，重建免疫系統(tǒng)，幫助病人早日康復(fù)。雖然干細(xì)胞可從別的來源取得，但臍帶血的干細(xì)胞特別寶貴，因為它容易被病人接受，而其它來源的干細(xì)胞則經(jīng)常被人體排斥。未來使用干細(xì)胞的可能性，像是器官重建等，也是人們考慮儲存臍帶血的另一個原因。

然而，臍帶血也有其缺點。首先，儲存臍帶血所費不貲。第二，需要移植干細(xì)胞的可能性并不高，可能會白白浪費臍帶血的儲存。第三，即使需要這類的移植，嬰兒自身取得的干細(xì)胞也不見得會比來自其它捐贈者的好。此外，就算臍帶血可以用來治療孩童的疾病，孩童自己的臍帶血干細(xì)胞很有可能帶有造成該疾病的相同缺陷。基于以上理由，醫(yī)師并不鼓勵自存臍帶血，但支持把臍帶血儲存到公家的血庫中。如果需要這類移植，或許就能在血庫中找到適合的配對。

有朝一日，孩童儲存的臍帶血或許能救他們一命。不過也可能變成浪費資源和金錢。盡管有這些缺點，許多父母仍選擇花大把鈔票儲存臍帶血，因為不怕一萬，只怕萬一。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (E)　2. (A)　3. (D)　4. (B)　5. (C)