探索世界之超大質(zhì)量黑洞 Supermassive Black Holes 4
This ferocious heart of brilliant hot gas is called a quasar. Scientists thought this whirling mass might be caused by a giant black hole sucking up gas and stars, literally feeding on the center of a galaxy.
The idea is that the quasars that we see that look so bright are not the black hole, the supermassive black hole. They are the gas that's just about to fall into the supermassive black hole, that's going around it, shining very brightly just before it disappears down into the black hole.
A giant black hole would have a gravitational pull so overwhelming, it would hurl gas and stars around it at almost the speed of light. The violent clashing would heat the gas up to over a million degrees.
The gas rubs against itself essentially and gets extremely hot, and extremely hot gas shines very brightly.
In reality, although a quasar burns brightly, it is actually impossible to see if there's a black hole in the middle. Paradoxically, the black hole is made invisible by the fact that it swallows light. So for years, no one could be certain if supermassive black holes really did exist at the heart of these strange active galaxies. The Nukers have spent the last two decades hunting for these elusive monsters. The first problem they faced was to prove that supermassive black holes existed at all. What they were to discover would be stranger than most people could have imagined. One of the first of the Nukers to try to find one was Alan Dressler. In 1983 he came to the Palomar Telescope in California convinced that he'd found a way to prove that supermassive black holes exist.
You can't see a black hole directly. That's what makes it a black hole. So what you are looking for is evidence of its gravity. You are ever looking at how it pulls on the stars that are coming nearby.
Dressler knew that although a black hole is invisible, its immense gravity would hurl stars around it at over 500,000 kilometers an hour.
quasar: 類星體 Astronomy a massive and extremely remote celestial object which emits large amounts of energy and typically shows a starlike image
