新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)(美音版)The power of the press

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Lesson 45
The power of the press
新聞報(bào)道的威力
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Does the writer think the parents where lucky or unlucky to gain prosperity in this way? Why?
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused. Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota. As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.
The rise to fame was swift. Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but room baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by new $500,000 home. Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences. While the five babies were babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame. It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
democratic
adj. 民主的
restrict
v. 限制
abuse
v. 濫用
contention
n. 論點(diǎn)
untold
adj. 數(shù)不盡
South Dakota
南達(dá)科他州（美國(guó)）
perpetual
adj. 永久的
quintuplet
n. 五胞胎之一
obscurity
n. 默默無(wú)聞
radically
adv. 徹底地，完全地
exclusive
adj. 獨(dú)占的，獨(dú)家的
nursery
n. 育嬰室，保育室
commercialization
n. 商品化
commodity
n. 商品

在民主國(guó)家里，任何限制新聞自由的企圖都理所當(dāng)然地受到譴責(zé)。然而，這種自由很容易被濫用。常人軼事往往比政治事件更能引起公眾注意。我們都喜歡看關(guān)于別人生活的報(bào)道，但是否同樣喜歡看關(guān)于自己生活的報(bào)道，就很難說(shuō)了。記者按事實(shí)至上的論點(diǎn)行事，發(fā)表有關(guān)別人生活的細(xì)節(jié)，有時(shí)會(huì)給當(dāng)事人造成極大的痛苦。新聞具有巨大的威力。它們不僅可以給尋常人家的生活帶來(lái)重大的變化，甚至還能推翻一個(gè)政府。下面這戶(hù)窮人一夜之間出名發(fā)財(cái)?shù)墓适聭騽⌒缘卣f(shuō)明了新聞報(bào)道威力。這戶(hù)人家住在南達(dá)科他州一個(gè)人口為23，000 的小鎮(zhèn)上，鎮(zhèn)名為阿拜丁。家里已有5個(gè)孩子，全家人常年在貧困中掙扎。第6個(gè)孩子即將問(wèn)世，他們面臨著更為嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。如果他們只添了1個(gè)孩子，這件事本來(lái)就不會(huì)引起任何人的注意。這家人會(huì)繼續(xù)為克服經(jīng)濟(jì)上的拮據(jù)而奮斗，并默默無(wú)聞地活下去。但是他們出人意料生了個(gè)五胞胎，4女1男。這事使他們的生活發(fā)生了根本的變化。五胞胎降生第二天，一架飛機(jī)飛抵阿拜丁，隨機(jī)帶來(lái)60名記者與攝影師。這一家迅速出了名。電視攝像機(jī)和報(bào)紙把消息傳送到全國(guó)。報(bào)紙、雜志出高價(jià)向他們購(gòu)買(mǎi)文字、圖片的獨(dú)家報(bào)道權(quán)。不但素昧平生的人寄來(lái)了大量的禮物，而且嬰兒食品、嬰兒肥皂制造廠商為了替自己產(chǎn)品做廣告也寄來(lái)了大量的禮物。這家人住的舊家舍將由一座價(jià)值50萬(wàn)美元的新住宅所取代。由于記者紛紛要求會(huì)見(jiàn)，他們不得不請(qǐng)了律師充當(dāng)他們家的發(fā)言人舉行記者招待會(huì)。眼下，五胞胎還靜靜地躺在醫(yī)院嬰兒室的氧氣帳里，他們的父母卻為這名聲付出了代價(jià)，他們?cè)僖矡o(wú)法過(guò)正常的生活。他們成了商業(yè)化的受害者，因?yàn)樗麄兊拿志哂辛耸袌?chǎng)價(jià)值。這些孩子立即成了商品，而不是5個(gè)新的家庭成員。

◆restrict v. 限制
keep within a certain limit
Eg: The prisoners’ activity is restricted within marrow limits.
limit: 表示時(shí)間、空間、程度等方面的限定，且限定到某一個(gè)點(diǎn)
restrict: 只說(shuō)明限定范圍
Eg: Land development must be limited.
He restricts himself to two cigarettes a day.
restrict sb. to 限制在......范圍內(nèi)
confine
confine sb. to
Eg: The boy is confined to the dark room.
The boy is restricted to the dark room.
cramp 限制（限制某人的活動(dòng)或是限制動(dòng)植特的生長(zhǎng)）
Eg: No body can cramp children.
You can not cramp my activity.
hamper 限制，妨礙;困累
Eg: What hampered you to do so?
The housewife has a lots to do every day, because she is hampered by poverty.
My limited vocabulary hampered my reading.
I am hampered by my limited vocabulary.
★★★impede 限制；妨礙
impede doing sth.
Eg: Nothing will impede my studying English.
bound 限定，以......為界限

L45-01 end 10’28”

L45-02 begin 10’05”

◆abuse v. 濫用
Eg: Don’t abuse your authority. 不要濫用職權(quán)。
We shouldn’t abuse our rights.不能亂用自己的權(quán)力。
For VIP, they shouldn’t abuse their privilege.

◆contention n. 論點(diǎn)
◆◆◆untold adj. 數(shù)不盡的，無(wú)限的
==too many to be counted
Eg: There are untold stars in the sky.
I am afflicted by / with untold anxieties.
numerous 無(wú)數(shù)的
countless anxieties 無(wú)數(shù)的煩惱
Eg: As human being, we can’t keep ourselves free from countless anxieties.
countable: can be counted
uncountable
number
numberless 無(wú)數(shù)的，沒(méi)有房號(hào)的
Eg: This is a numberless room.這是一個(gè)沒(méi)有房號(hào)的房間。
numberable 數(shù)得清的
innumberable 不能數(shù)得清的
◆South Dakota 南達(dá)科他州（美國(guó)）
◆◆◆perpetual adj. 永久的
permanent
eternal
lasting for a long time
everlasting

perpetual : 不休止的，一直持續(xù)下去的，不易受阻的
Eg: They are as poor as church mouse, they have to struggle against perpetual poverty.
constant 連續(xù)的，不斷的
constactly
Eg: It is raining constantly. 雨不停地下著。
continuous 連續(xù)不斷的
Eg: They have continuous discussion.
They have continuous attempt.
They made great success in their continuous attempt.
continual 頻繁的
continually adj.
Eg: It rains continually.最近頻繁地在下雨。
It is raining continuously / constantly.
lasting
everlasting 持久的，耐久的
Eg: The pair of trousers is lasting.
Generally speaking, jeans are lasting.

L45-02 end 10’05”

L45-03 begin 10’38”
endless
Eg: You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds.
Studying English is our perpetual task.
eternal adj. 永恒的，永久的，不朽的
immortal
Eg: His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.
temporary
temporary job.
permanent 非臨時(shí)的，永久的
Eg: In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.

constant; continuous; everlasting; lasting; endless; eternal; permanent; perpetual

◆quintuplet n. 五胞胎之一
◆obscurity n. 默默無(wú)聞
in obscurity
Eg: He is in obscurity.
obscure adj. 不起眼的
Eg: The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.

◆radically adv. 徹底地，完全地
completely, entirely, thoroughly, fully, inclusive

◆◆◆exclusive adj. 獨(dú)占的，獨(dú)家的
exclusive 獨(dú)占的，獨(dú)家的（not share with others ）
Eg: The swimming pool is for my exclusive use.
exclusive right 獨(dú)權(quán)
Eg: The newspaper offered a large sum of money to the person to get exclusive right to publish his article.
exclusive 排外的，排它的
inclusive 包括在其中的
Eg: The school is exclusive, only very clever children can go to it.
這所學(xué)校很排外，只有特別聰明的孩子可以在這兒上學(xué)。
The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.
這個(gè)商場(chǎng)很排外，只有特別有錢(qián)的人才能光顧。

◆nursery n. 育嬰室，保育室
◆commercialization n. 商品化
◆commodity n. 商品
commodity economy 商品經(jīng)濟(jì)
commodity market 商品市場(chǎng)
goods, wares

要求全文背誦
In fact, the power of the press is beyond our description.
any efforts are rightly condemned.
effort 企圖
try; attempt 嘗試
make every effort; spare no effort; make every endeavor
go to great lenghts
blame
scold
reproach
reprimand
condemn 正式的譴責(zé)

L45-03 end 10’19”

L45-04 begin 10’38”

deed行為，行徑
Eg: Your deeds should be rightly condemned.

forest authorities 森林當(dāng)局
education authorities 教育當(dāng)局
the authorities 有關(guān)當(dāng)局
the authorities of the press 新聞當(dāng)局

According to this sentence, we know we are much more interested in private stories.
Sometimes some people even want to smell out people’s secrets or particular scandals.

lives of others: 替代story about people

extremely doubtful == extremely uncertain == extremely dubious.
Eg: If a family skeleton is reviewed, one’s reputation will be damaged / destroyed / spoiled / ruined immediately.

equally == in the same way = alile
We wouldn’t like our secret to be reviewed.

Acting on 以......來(lái)行事，遵循......來(lái)行事
that引導(dǎo)的部分是contention 的同位語(yǔ)從句
When stories published in details by the press are wonderful, you will become famous very soon.
If the story is terrible, your reputation will be ruined immediately.

exert... on sth.
bring about 帶來(lái)，導(dǎo)致
lead to
cause
result in

L45-04 end 10’38”
Lesson45A end 41:21

Lesson45B begin 37:44
L45-05 begin 10’19”

major: great, considerable
In the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.

acquire: gain == obtain
acquire fortune: 發(fā)財(cái)
acuire fame 出了名
make fortune

the city dweller 城市居住者
the country dweller 鄉(xiāng)村居住者

expect a baby
in the interesting condition
in the family way
pregnant
be faced with 面臨
The window faces the south. 窗戶(hù)朝南
In the process of studying English, We are faced with a great many problems, which should be surmounted.
surmount 克服
solve problem 解決問(wèn)題
In teh process of studying English, we are faced with a great many problems, which should be surmounted / got rid of / removed as quickly as possible.

economic: problems = poverty
pressing 緊迫的
unnoticed 形容詞做狀語(yǔ)
odds n. 各種讓人煩的小事

L45-05 end 10’19”

L45-06 begin 10’05”
bear 容忍；生育born 是bear的過(guò)去分詞
attract the attention of the press
The rise to the fame is swift==Their being famous was rapid.
huge sums ==huge sums of money
care for 關(guān)心
press for == demand
形象地表達(dá)出不停的催問(wèn)

Eg: The students kept pressing for examinations.

L45-06 end 10’05”

L45-07 begin 13’46”

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Comprehension
1 The Press will argue that they have the right to publish a story, although it may seriously affect the individual concerned, because _____ .
a. in a democracy, the individual eserves more attention than politics
b. facts in themselves, however unpleasant they may be, must be respected
c. people not only enjoy reading about others but about themselves as well
d. they only use their power to influence events of national importance
argue
affect 負(fù)面的影響
原文：Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.

2 News editiors and reporters wanted to publish the story because _____ .
a. they always defend the freedom of the Press
b. they know that stories about people sell a lot of newspapers
c. they eanted to change the lives of these poor people
d. they believed it was the right thing to do

3 The interest that was taken in the family was _____ .
a. of national importance because of the rise in the birth rate
b. charitable, for people of all kinds were concerned about their poverty
c. so overwhelming that even lawyers attended their press conferences
d. mainly from commercial organizations who wanted to promote their sales

Structure
4 The public are often far more interested _____ political events. (ll.3-4)
a. in people’s stories than b. in stories about people than in
c. with stories about people than d. by people’s stories than by
be interested in...

5 The influence of newspapwers is _____ bring about major changes in the lives of ordinary people but they can even overthrow a government. (ll.8-9)
a. such that not only can they b. so that not only they can
c. such that they cannot only d. so that not only can they
not only...but...
so必須用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞
如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)主干的名詞部分，用such

6 A sixth child _____ expected so they were faced … (ll.12-13)
a. was b. being c. having d. had been
economic problems/ economic odds
perpetual struggle against poverty
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

7 ★★★ While the five babies _____ in oxygen tents… (ll.23-24)
a. were remaining quietly sleeping b. remained quietly sleeping
c. remained to sleep quietly d. remaining were quietly sleeping
remain (系動(dòng)詞)不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

Vocabulary
8 Stories about people are often _____ (l.3)
a. of great interest to everyone b. in the public interest
c. a matter of publicity d. publicly attended

9 Newspapers _____ tremendous influence over the lives of ordinary people. (l.8)
a. press b. invoke c. impose d. wield
原文：bring about

L45-07 end 13’46”

L45-08 begin 3’40”

press: 榨汁；熨燙；按住，壓住（n. ）出版，發(fā)行
invoke 求助，祈求
impose 強(qiáng)加于人
wield 造成（== bring about, cause, result in ）

10 Reporters _____ interviews … (l.22)
a. went on strike for b. went on printing c. made repeated requests for d. were continually
原文：Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokes-
men for the family at press conferences.
pressing for: 不斷的催問(wèn)，要求

11 Lawyers were employed to act as spokesmen _____ the family. (ll.22-23)
a. on account of b. instead of c. on behalf of d. for the sake of
instead of : 代替（某物、誰(shuí)）
on account of == because of )
for the sake of 出于......的緣故

12 Instead of being five new family members, these children had become _____ .(l.26)
a. victims of commercialization b. something to be bought and sold
c. a public conerience d. a product of the market

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. A