為何男性加薪輕而易舉女性加薪卻難于登天?

　　Women are as likely as men to ask for a pay rise - but are less likely to get one, the research found.

　　這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性會(huì)像男性一樣要求加薪--但是加薪成功的情況卻要少得多。

　　The study, by the Cass Business School and the universities of Warwick and Wisconsin, looked at 4,600 workers.

　　這項(xiàng)研究由卡斯商學(xué)院、華威大學(xué)、以及威斯康星大學(xué)主導(dǎo)進(jìn)行，調(diào)查研究了4600名工人。

　　It found "no support" for the "reticent female" theory, whereby women avoided asking for more money.

　　該項(xiàng)研究表明“沒(méi)有證據(jù)”能夠支持“沉默的女人”理論，該理論認(rèn)為婦女會(huì)避免要求加薪。

　　For what it claimed was the first time, the study eliminated any impact from part-time workers earning less than their full-time counterparts, by comparing full-time males with full-time females, and part-time males with part-time females.

　　這份研究具有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性，排除了兼職工人收入少于全職工人的影響，將全職男性工人和全職女性工人、兼職男性工人和兼職女性工人進(jìn)行了比較。

　　When like-for-like male and female workers were compared, men were 25% more likely to get a pay rise when they asked, the study found.

　　該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)同為兼職或全職的男女工人相比，當(dāng)他們要求加薪時(shí)，男性獲得加薪的幾率要高25%。

　　The research also concluded there was no evidence for the idea that women were reluctant to ask for a salary increase because they were more wary of upsetting their boss, or deviating from a perceived female stereotype.

　　同時(shí)這項(xiàng)研究還做出結(jié)論，指出沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明女性由于擔(dān)憂(yōu)惹怒老板、或者偏離女性固有形象而不愿意要求加薪。

　　When analysing the results, the researchers took into account the size of the employer and the industry, whether the workers were a parent, as well as their qualifications.

　　當(dāng)分析結(jié)果的時(shí)候，研究員們記錄下了雇主的數(shù)量和行業(yè)的規(guī)模、工人們是否為人父母、以及工人的資質(zhì)。

　　The study was based on data from the 2013-14 Australian workplace relations survey. Australia is thought to be the only country to systematically record whether employees had asked for a pay rise, and why they had or had not done so.

　　這項(xiàng)研究基于2013-2014年澳大利亞職場(chǎng)關(guān)系調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)。澳大利亞被認(rèn)為是唯一一個(gè)會(huì)系統(tǒng)地記錄下員工是否要求加薪、為什么或?yàn)槭裁床灰蠹有降膰?guó)家。

　　Andrew Oswald, professor of economics and behavioural science at the University of Warwick, said he was surprised by the findings.

　　華威大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和行為科學(xué)教授安德魯·奧斯瓦爾德表示說(shuō)，他對(duì)這些結(jié)果感到非常吃驚。

　　"The fact that women don’t ask for pay rises as often as men is a popular theory. It’s a very common thing for women to say and believe, but all of the evidence is anecdotal, so it’s very hard scientifically to do a proper test of this."

　　“人們普遍相信女性不像男性那樣頻繁地要求加薪。這是一件關(guān)于女性的非常普通的事情，很多人都這樣說(shuō)，很多人也就這樣相信了，但是所有的證據(jù)都是謠傳，因此要想合乎科學(xué)地對(duì)這一理論做一個(gè)妥當(dāng)?shù)臋z驗(yàn)非常困難。”

　　’Pure discrimination’

　　“純歧視”。

　　He said one possibility was that men who asked for a pay rise, but did not get it, kept it to themselves, while women "were more straightforward and tell their friends".

　　他揭示了一種可能性，男性要求加薪?jīng)]有成功，那么他會(huì)保守這個(gè)秘密閉口不談，但是女性卻“更加心直口快、弄得人盡皆知。”

　　"Having seen these findings, I think we have to accept that there is some element of pure discrimination against women," Prof Oswald added.

　　奧斯瓦爾德說(shuō)道：“看到這些結(jié)果，我想我們應(yīng)該接受這一事實(shí)--這里面存在著針對(duì)女性的純粹歧視因素。”

　　"It could be that Australia is odd. But it’s a modern industrial economy halfway in character between Britain and the US, so I think that’s unlikely."

　　“這很有可能是因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喪瞧孑?。但是澳大利亞的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于英國(guó)和美國(guó)之間，因此我認(rèn)為那是不可能的。”

　　The study also found differences according to age, with women and men under 40 both asking for and receiving pay rises at the same rate, which the researchers said could mean that negotiating behaviour had started to change.

　　這項(xiàng)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡對(duì)結(jié)果也有影響，40歲以下的男女要求加薪的話(huà)，他們加薪成功的幾率一樣大，研究員們指出這可能是因?yàn)檎勁行袨橐呀?jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)發(fā)生變化了。

　　Dr Amanda Goodall from Cass Business School - part of City, University of London - and a co-author of the study, said: "The study potentially has an upside. Young women today are negotiating their pay and conditions more successfully than older females, and perhaps that will continue as they become more senior."

　　倫敦城市大學(xué)卡斯商學(xué)院的阿曼達(dá)·古德?tīng)柌┦渴窃擁?xiàng)研究的共同作者，他說(shuō)道：“這份研究有進(jìn)一步上升的空間。相比于年長(zhǎng)的女性來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在年輕女性在對(duì)自己的收入和境遇進(jìn)行談判的時(shí)候要更加成功一些，而等到她們也變老的時(shí)候這一現(xiàn)象可能仍然會(huì)持續(xù)下去。”