2014中考英語必備：語法要點(diǎn)之動(dòng)詞

　　1.感官動(dòng)詞用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等詞，后接賓語，再接動(dòng)詞原形或ing形式。前者表全過程，后者表正在進(jìn)行。句中有頻率詞時(shí)，以上的詞也常跟動(dòng)詞原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡時(shí)有人正敲門)

　　I heard someone knock at the door three times. (聽的是全過程)

　　I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此處有頻率詞often)

　　若以上詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面原有動(dòng)詞原形改為帶to不定式：

　　We saw him go into the restaurant. → He was seen to go into the restaurant.

　　I hear the boy cry every day. → The boy is heard to cry every day.

　　2.感官動(dòng)詞用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。

　　He looks angry. It sounds good. The flowers smell beautiful. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. They all looked tired.

　　這些動(dòng)詞都不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　注意：如果加介詞like, 則后不可接形容詞，而接名詞或代詞：

　　He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea. It sounds like great fun.

　　It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.

　　3.find和think部分用法: find / think + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語。(代替賓從)

　　賓補(bǔ)有以下情況：

　　1.名詞短語 John found his son a clever boy.

　　2.形容詞短語 Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.

　　3.有時(shí)賓補(bǔ)后可接帶to不定式 I found it hard to fool the girl.

　　4find后也有v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。I found him reading a book just now.

　　4.would like / want / feel like: 1would like，和want類似：

　　◇都可接名詞短語：I would like / want another three desks.

　　◇都可接帶to 不定式：I would like / want to go out for a walk.

　　◇都可接sb,然后再跟帶to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.

　　2feel like: ◇后也可接名詞短語：Do you feel like some tea?

　　◇后若接動(dòng)詞，須用動(dòng)詞ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk?

　　I don’t feel like drinking tea. 【注：feel like常用于疑問句或否定句中。】

　　5.詞序易錯(cuò)的短語：1形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞，形容詞在后面。

　　Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious.

　　There is something wrong with the computer. I want to go somewhere warm.

　　2else修飾疑問詞和不定代詞、不定副詞，也放在后面。

　　What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?

　　Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?

　　—3—

　　3enough修飾形容詞和副詞，enough 放在后面。

　　This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.

　　He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. She doesn’t listen carefully enough.

　　6.對(duì)“評(píng)價(jià)”、“天氣”的提問之區(qū)別：1What do you think of …?=

　　How do you like …? =How / What do you feel about…?

　　“你對(duì)…怎么看?”(How…?句中有l(wèi)ike，是動(dòng)詞。)

　　2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天氣什么樣?”

　　(What…?句中有l(wèi)ike，是介詞，“像”。而How…?句中無like.)

　　7.take, cost, pay, spend區(qū)別：

　　1It + take + sb + some time + to do sth： It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.

　　2物 + cost + sb + 錢： The bag cost me thirty yuan.

　　若cost后無sb, 則譯作“價(jià)錢是”： The bag costs 30 Yuan.

　　3人+ pay + sb + 錢 + for sth： I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike..

　　(pay后所加內(nèi)容可視具體情況取舍。切記for后接的是物，而不是人或錢。)

　　4人 + spend + 時(shí)間/ 錢 + on sth / (in) doing sth.

　　The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.

　　The girl always spends much money on her clothes.

　　spend 有時(shí)可指“度過”：spend holiday / weekends / winter

　　8.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)：pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。也就是接sb + sth. Pass me the book, please. He gave us some pens.

　　其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等也可接sth + to sb. 如: lend the book to me.

　　buy, build等可接sth + for sb. My brother bought a dictionary for me.

　　另外，若sth是代詞時(shí)，不用雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Please show it to me. 而不說show me it.

　　9.部分詞作連詞與介詞：(連詞接句子，介詞接名詞或代詞)

　　Keep careful when you are listening to the teacher. (斜體部分是句子，when是連詞)

　　Keep careful when listening to the teacher. (斜體部分是名詞短語，when是介詞)

　　類似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。

　　如：I’ll wait until I hear from her. (連詞) I’ll wait until hearing from her. (介詞)

　　I’ll wait until next Friday / September / 11:00. (接的都是表時(shí)間的短語，until是介詞)

　　10.動(dòng)詞ed與動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞用法之一: 1. 動(dòng)詞ed作形容詞：表示被動(dòng)或已發(fā)生,常作定語。The boy named Peter is my friend. 那個(gè)叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。

　　此處是后置定語，劃線部分起修飾作用，下同。

　　He’s eating fried chicken. “他在吃炸雞。”做chicken的前置定語。

　　There is no time left. “沒時(shí)間剩余了。”做time的后置定語。

　　I have read a novel written by Lu Xun.我讀了一部魯迅寫的小說。做后置定語。下同。

　　He lives in a house built twenty years ago. 他住在一個(gè)二十年前被建造的房子里。

　　一般來說，定語部分不只一個(gè)詞時(shí)， 常放在名詞的后面。

　　2動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞：表示正在進(jìn)行或表示功能，常作定語。

　　the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,

　　the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在進(jìn)行)

　　a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)

　　11.動(dòng)詞ed與動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞用法之二： 由一些及物動(dòng)詞派生而來，和心理感受有關(guān)，但ed修飾人，ing常修飾物。 以下詞凡是譯為“使…”的及物動(dòng)詞，其ed形式的形容詞都譯為“感到…的”，其ing形式的形容詞都譯為“令人(感到)…的”。以下帶-ed形式的詞的各個(gè)短語一般都譯為“對(duì)…感到…”。

　　exciting

　　surprising

　　amazing

　　embarrassing

　　encouraging

　　frustrating

　　interesting

　　thrilling

　　terrifying

　　pleasing, = pleasant

　　satisfying

　　frightening

　　tiring

　　boring

　　relaxing

　　fascinating

　　annoying

　　moving

　　worrying

　　confusing

　　excited (be ~d about)

　　surprised (be ~d at)

　　amazed (be ~d at)

　　embarrassed(be ~ed in)

　　encouraged(be ~ed at / by)

　　frustrated (be ~d of)

　　interested (be ~ed in)

　　thrilled (be ~ed at)

　　terrified (be terrified at/ of / with)

　　pleased (be ~d with)

　　satisfied(be satisfied with)

　　frightened (be ~ed at / of )

　　tired (be ~d of)

　　bored (be ~d with)

　　relaxed (無固定搭配)

　　fascinated (be ~d by)

　　annoyed (be ~ed with)

　　moved (be ~d by)

　　worried (be worried about)

　　confused (be confused about)

　　及物動(dòng)詞, 后接人 ed形式及常見短語 ing形式

　　excite(使興奮，使激動(dòng))

　　surprise(使驚訝，使吃驚)

　　amaze(使吃驚)

　　embarrass(使尷尬)

　　encourage(使受鼓舞, 鼓勵(lì))

　　frustrate(使失望，使沮喪)

　　interest(使感興趣)

　　thrill(使激動(dòng)/ 緊張)

　　terrify(使恐怖，使害怕)

　　please (使高興，使?jié)M意)

　　satisfy (使?jié)M意)

　　frighten (使害怕，使驚懼)

　　tire(使厭煩)

　　bore(使厭煩)

　　relax(使放松)

　　fascinate(使著迷)

　　annoy(使煩惱)

　　move(使感動(dòng))

　　worry(使擔(dān)憂)