VOA慢速英語(yǔ):這個(gè)圣誕你赤字了嗎？

Now, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, a VOA Special English program about American expressions.

現(xiàn)在是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)詞匯掌故節(jié)目。

I’m Rich Kleinfeldt with some financial words and expressions used in business and the stock market.

我是Rich Kleinfeldt，今天我給大家介紹一些商業(yè)和股市中常用的財(cái)經(jīng)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。

Our first expression is in the red. It is another way of saying that a business is losing money. In the past, numbers in the financial records of a company were written in red ink to show a loss.

第一個(gè)短語(yǔ)是in the red(虧損，欠債，出現(xiàn)赤字)，它是公司虧損的另一種說(shuō)法。過(guò)去，公司的財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)都用紅色墨水書(shū)寫(xiě)來(lái)表示虧損。

A business magazine recently published a report about a television company. The report said the company was still in the red, but was able to cut its loss from the year before.

最近，一家商業(yè)雜志刊登了一篇關(guān)于某電視公司的報(bào)道。報(bào)道稱(chēng)該公司目前仍處于虧損狀態(tài)，但虧損額較前一年有所減少。

A profit by a business is written in black numbers. So a company that is in the black is making money. An international news service reported that a private health insurer in Australia announced it was back in the black with its first profit in three years.

企業(yè)利潤(rùn)都用黑色數(shù)字記錄，所以，in the black(贏利，盈余)代表企業(yè)處于盈利。一家國(guó)際新聞機(jī)構(gòu)報(bào)道稱(chēng)，澳大利亞一家私人醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)公司宣布，三年來(lái)他們首次重新開(kāi)始贏利。

Another financial expression is run on the bank. That is what happens when many people try to withdraw all their money from a bank. A run on the bank usually happens when people believe there is danger a bank may fail or close.

另一個(gè)財(cái)經(jīng)短語(yǔ)是run on the bank(銀行擠兌)，當(dāng)許多人試圖提取他們的銀行存款時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生擠兌。通常當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為銀行存在虧損或倒閉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況。

Newspaper reports about a banking crisis in Russia used that expression. They said the government acted because of fears that the crisis would cause a run on the banks. When a run on the banks was starting, there was not much they could do, said a banking expert.

報(bào)紙?jiān)趫?bào)道俄羅斯銀行危機(jī)的時(shí)候用到了這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。報(bào)道稱(chēng)，政府出手是因?yàn)閾?dān)心危機(jī)會(huì)導(dǎo)致銀行發(fā)生擠兌。一位銀行專(zhuān)家表示，如果銀行開(kāi)始發(fā)生擠兌，他們就會(huì)無(wú)計(jì)可施。

"Day trading" is a new expression about system that lets investors trade directly on an electronic market system. The system is known as NASDAQ, short for The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation. It was the first completely computerized stock market. It sells stocks of companies not listed on any stock exchange. Many high technology companies are listed on it.

Day trading(日交易)是一個(gè)關(guān)于交易系統(tǒng)的新短語(yǔ)，該系統(tǒng)可以使投資者直接通過(guò)電子交易系統(tǒng)交易。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)被稱(chēng)為納斯達(dá)克，即全美證券商協(xié)會(huì)自動(dòng)報(bào)價(jià)系統(tǒng)(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation)的縮寫(xiě)。這是第一家完全電子化的股票市場(chǎng)。它出售不在任何股票交易所上市的公司股票。許多高科技企業(yè)名列其中。

Day trading companies provide a desk and a computer system to an investor who wants to trade. Individuals must provide fifty thousand dollars or more to the trading company to pay for the stocks they buy. Thousands of other investors do day trading from computers in their homes.

日交易公司為想要交易的投資者提供一個(gè)書(shū)桌和一個(gè)電腦系統(tǒng)，這類(lèi)個(gè)人需向日交易公司提供至少5萬(wàn)美元用來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的股票。其他成千上萬(wàn)的投資者通過(guò)自家電腦進(jìn)行日交易。

A day trader watches stock prices carefully. When he sees a stock rise in price, he uses the computer to buy shares of the stock. If the stock continues to rise in price in the next few minutes, the day trader sells the shares quickly to make a small profit. Then he looks for another stock to buy. If a stock goes down instead of up, he sells it and accepts the loss.

當(dāng)日交易者(中國(guó)常說(shuō)的做短線者)嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視股票價(jià)格。當(dāng)他看到一只股票價(jià)格上漲，便使用電腦購(gòu)買(mǎi)這只股票的股份。如果這只股票在接下來(lái)的幾分鐘內(nèi)持續(xù)上漲，他便迅速賣(mài)出賺點(diǎn)小錢(qián)，然后尋找另一只可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)的股票。如果這只股票跌了，他便賣(mài)出接受虧損。

The idea is to make a small profit many times during the day. Day traders may buy and sell stocks hundreds of times each day.

這樣做是為了當(dāng)天之內(nèi)多次交易賺點(diǎn)小利潤(rùn)。當(dāng)日交易者每天可能買(mǎi)入賣(mài)出股票數(shù)百次。

Many day traders lose all their money in a week or so. Only about thirty percent succeed in earning enough from their efforts to continue day trading.

大部分當(dāng)日交易者一周左右便虧掉所有錢(qián)。只有大約30%的人能從他們的不懈努力中成功賺夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行日交易的錢(qián)。