VOA慢速英語: 老齡化將會降低未來數(shù)十年的全球經(jīng)濟增長速度（雙語）

[ti:Aging Will Reduce Economic Growth Worldwide in Coming Decades] [ar:Mario Ritter] [al:Economics Report] [00:00.00]From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report. [00:04.94]The world is getting older. [00:07.84]As more people retire each year, [00:10.89]fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. [00:15.31]This has effects not only in the work place [00:19.30]but in the world finance. [00:22.03]The bond rating agency Moody's says [00:26.57]the aging population will lead to a drop [00:29.92]in household savings. [00:31.86]This could mean that total investments [00:35.04]will fall and economic growth could slow. [00:38.98]Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany [00:44.56]as the world's "Super Aged" nations. [00:48.15]That is the name for countries [00:50.84]in which at least 20 percent of the population [00:54.34]is at least 65 years old. [00:57.23]Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. [01:02.41]She says changes in many populations [01:06.64]are taking place quickly. [01:08.58]"The demographic transition is upon us now [01:11.45]and its progressing, [01:12.85]by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said. [01:15.69]In five years, [01:17.37]six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. [01:21.92]And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030. [01:28.14]Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings. [01:36.18]"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. [01:39.02]At the same time aging means that [01:43.04]the household savings rates will go down, [01:45.29]which will negatively impact on investment. [01:47.49]Both trends put together would mean that [01:50.84]aging will have a significant negative impact [01:53.47]on global growth," Duggar said. [01:54.51]The Conference Board reports [01:56.57]on business conditions around the world. [01:59.00]It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth [02:04.98]by one percent in the next ten years. [02:08.37]Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. [02:14.80]He says immigration is one way [02:18.65]to reduce the effects of an aging population. [02:22.19]Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. [02:27.42]And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries. [02:33.18]But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training [02:39.36]and productivity gains from technology [02:42.79]could make up for the drop in the number of workers. [02:46.94]He says the problems of an aging population [02:51.12]represent only a mismatching [02:53.61]or misalignment of the demand for goods. [02:57.45]"It is a misalignment of demand [02:59.30]rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. [03:03.29]And it is a challenge which we can easily accept [03:07.30]and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said. [03:09.79]He also says that an aging population [03:13.32]will be less of a problem in countries [03:16.56]where older people are highly valued. [03:19.60]And most experts agree that younger workers [03:24.13]will have to work longer [03:25.97]and retire later than today's older workers. [03:30.15]And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. [03:36.74]For more Learning English programs, [03:40.27]I'm Mario Ritter.

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Aging Will Reduce Economic Growth Worldwide in Coming Decades

老齡化將會降低未來數(shù)十年的全球經(jīng)濟增長速度

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語經(jīng)濟報道。

The world is getting older. As more people retire each year, fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. This has effects not only in the work place but in the world finance. The bond rating agency Moody's says the aging population will lead to a drop in household savings. This could mean that total investments will fall and economic growth could slow.

世界在變老，隨著每年越來越多的人退休，越來越少的勞動力可以去替代他們。這種影響不僅涉及到工作職場，還影響到世界金融。債券評級機構的穆迪稱，人口老齡化將會導致家庭儲蓄的減少。這就可能意味著投資總額將下降，以及經(jīng)濟增長速度可能會放緩。

Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany as the world's "Super Aged" nations. That is the name for countries in which at least 20 percent of the population is at least 65 years old.

一些報道稱，日本、意大利和德國是世界上“超高齡”的國家。“超高齡”國家是指那些國家中有20%的65歲以上人的國家。

Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. She says changes in many populations are taking place quickly.

艾琳娜·達格爾是穆迪公司主權風險部門的主管，她稱，許多人口正在發(fā)生迅速的變化。

"The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said.

達格爾說：“現(xiàn)在人口結構轉(zhuǎn)型即將來臨，正在不斷發(fā)展中，從歷史標準來看，其進程還相當迅速。”

In five years, six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030.

在未來5年內(nèi)，將有6個國家會加入“超高齡”國家的行列，而且到2030年，還會有34個國家會成為“超高齡”國家。

Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings.

艾琳娜·達格爾稱，這將會對勞動力和儲蓄產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. At the same time aging means that the household savings rates will go down, which will negatively impact on investment. Both trends put together would mean that aging will have a significant negative impact on global growth," Duggar said.

達格爾說：“這會使得勞動力供給量的減少。與此同時，老齡化意味著家庭儲蓄利率將會降低，這還將會對投資產(chǎn)生負面影響。這兩種趨勢合起來就意味著老齡化將會對全球經(jīng)濟的增長產(chǎn)生重大的負面影響。”

The Conference Board reports on business conditions around the world. It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth by one percent in the next ten years.

世界大型企業(yè)聯(lián)合會對全球的經(jīng)濟狀況進行報道稱，在未來10年，人口老齡化可能會使得世界經(jīng)濟增長速度減緩1%。

Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. He says immigration is one way to reduce the effects of an aging population. Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries.

基肖爾·庫爾卡尼在丹佛大都會州立大學任職，他稱，移民是減少人口老齡化影響的一種方法。老年人花錢不同于年輕人，專家們稱，這種差異會影響到國家經(jīng)濟。

But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers. He says the problems of an aging population represent only a mismatching or misalignment of the demand for goods.

但是基肖爾·庫爾卡尼認為，專業(yè)職業(yè)培訓和由技術所帶動的生產(chǎn)率增長可以彌補工人數(shù)量下降所帶來的影響。他稱，人口老齡化的問題只是對商品需求的錯位。

"It is a misalignment of demand rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. And it is a challenge which we can easily accept and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said.

庫爾卡尼說：“它是需求的一種錯位，而不是需求的徹底變化和急劇變化。當它到來時，我們可以輕松接受并解決這一挑戰(zhàn)。”

He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem in countries where older people are highly valued. And most experts agree that younger workers will have to work longer and retire later than today's older workers.

他還稱，人口老齡化對于那些對老年人高度重視的國家來說，并不會構成什么大問題。而且大多數(shù)專家一致認為，年輕的工人將會不得不工作更長的時間，甚至會推遲退休年齡。

And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.

這就是本期的美國之音慢速英語經(jīng)濟報道的全部內(nèi)容，我是馬里奧·里特。

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Aging Will Reduce Economic Growth Worldwide in Coming Decades

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

The world is getting older. As more people retire each year, fewer working-age people will be there to replace them. This has effects not only in the work place but in the world finance. The bond rating agency Moody's says the aging population will lead to a drop in household savings. This could mean that total investments will fall and economic growth could slow.

Some reports have described Japan, Italy and Germany as the world's "Super Aged" nations. That is the name for countries in which at least 20 percent of the population is at least 65 years old.

Elena Duggar is head of Moody's Sovereign Risk Division. She says changes in many populations are taking place quickly.

"The demographic transition is upon us now and its progressing, by historical standards, quite rapidly," Duggar said.

In five years, six more countries will join the list of "Super Aged" nations. And 34 nations will be super aged by the year 2030.

Elena Duggar says this will have a big influence on labor and savings.

"That will translate into reductions in labor supply. At the same time aging means that the household savings rates will go down, which will negatively impact on investment. Both trends put together would mean that aging will have a significant negative impact on global growth," Duggar said.

The Conference Board reports on business conditions around the world. It says an aging population could reduce world economic growth by one percent in the next ten years.

Kishore Kulkarni is with the Metropolitan State University of Denver. He says immigration is one way to reduce the effects of an aging population. Older adults spend money differently than younger ones. And experts say that difference affects the economies of countries.

But Kishore Kulkarni believes that specialized career training and productivity gains from technology could make up for the drop in the number of workers. He says the problems of an aging population represent only a mismatching or misalignment of the demand for goods.

"It is a misalignment of demand rather than a total and a drastic change in the demand. And it is a challenge which we can easily accept and tackle as it comes to us," Kulkarni said.

He also says that an aging population will be less of a problem in countries where older people are highly valued. And most experts agree that younger workers will have to work longer and retire later than today's older workers.

And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.