VOA慢速英語:南非當(dāng)?shù)匦≠u部艱難求存

South Africa's Local Tuck Shops Fight for Survival

南非當(dāng)?shù)匦≠u部艱難求存

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道。

Small markets are an important part of South Africa's economy, these businesses offer jobs in a country with unemployment rate of at least 25 percent. But immigrant-owned and international businesses are increasing their share of South African markets, that has hurt local traders who run little shops called spazas.

小市場是南非經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分，這些企業(yè)為南非提供了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，該國失業(yè)率至少達(dá)到了25%。但移民擁有的企業(yè)以及國際企業(yè)正擴(kuò)大其在南非市場上所占的份額，這已經(jīng)傷害到了經(jīng)營小商店的當(dāng)?shù)厣倘?，這種小商店被稱為spaza。

John Stheole has owned his spaza for more than ten years. It is a small grey building in Dube village, in the Soweto area of the capital Johannesburg. His small store offers many kinds of goods from soap to sweets.

John Stheole經(jīng)營他的Spaza已經(jīng)十來年。這是南非首都約翰內(nèi)斯堡市索韋托區(qū)杜貝村的一棟灰色小建筑。他的小商店提供了從肥皂到甜食的各種商品。

Spaza means "just getting buy". The shops are found in non-white communities where larger, more official stores are not available or are too costly. There are about 100,000 spazas in South Africa, they employ 290,000 people. But few have paid attention to the part these stores can play in creating jobs.

Spaza意思是便利店。這些商店位于非白人社區(qū)，這些地區(qū)沒有更大更正式的商店，或者那些商店價(jià)錢太貴。南非有10萬家這種便利店，它們雇傭了29萬人。但很少有人注意到這些小店在提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)上發(fā)揮的作用。

Research shows that what is called the informal sector in Africa is very large. Informal workers can be self-employed or wage earners. Last year, the African Development Bank said the informal sector provides about 55 percent of the economic productivity of African countries south of the Sahara desert.

研究表明，非洲所謂的非正式行業(yè)的規(guī)模很大。非正式員工包括自雇者和打工者。去年，非洲開發(fā)銀行表示，非正式行業(yè)占到了撒哈拉以南非洲國家經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的55%。

But business has been slow for Mr Stheole. He is competing with a nearby store run by a family from Pakistan.

但Stheole先生的生意進(jìn)展一直很緩慢。他在和附近一家巴基斯坦家庭經(jīng)營的商店競爭。

"Last year, I am struggling...," said Stheole.

他說，“去年，我在掙扎。。。”

South Africa is the only country in the area where refugees and asylum-seekers can move freely, and have the right to work. South Africa is the only hope of living and working in peace for people who have fled countries like Somalia and Zimbabwe.

南非是該地區(qū)唯一一個(gè)難民和尋求庇護(hù)者可以自由遷徙并有權(quán)工作的國家。南非是逃離索馬里和津巴布韋等國家的人們平靜生活和工作的唯一希望。

But reduced profits for native traders and high unemployment rates have caused tensions in the country. Immigrants are accused of taking jobs from South Africans. Some also believe immigrants hurt South African shopkeepers by selling goods at lower prices. In September, more than 100 Somali-owned spazas were attacked during four days of unrest in the city of Port Elizabeth.

但本地商人利潤降低以及高失業(yè)率已經(jīng)在南非引發(fā)了緊張局勢。移民們被指奪走了南非人的工作機(jī)會(huì)。有人還認(rèn)為，移民以較低價(jià)格銷售商品傷害了南非的店主。去年9月，伊麗莎白市有100多家索馬里人擁有的便利店在為期4天的騷亂中遭到襲擊。

The South Africa Spaza and Tuckshop Association (SASTA) is seeking to train local traders to build skills. Rose Nkosi is president of the association. She says local spazas offer the community credit and 24-hour service, that is something their competitors do not.

南非便利店和食品店協(xié)會(huì)正尋求培訓(xùn)當(dāng)?shù)厣倘私⑺麄兊募寄?。羅斯·恩科西(Rose Nkosi)是該協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)長。她說，當(dāng)?shù)乇憷隇樯鐓^(qū)提供信譽(yù)和24小時(shí)服務(wù)，這是他們的競爭對(duì)手所沒有的。

And that is the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.

以上就是本期美國之音慢速英語經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道的全部內(nèi)容，我是馬里奧·理特(Mario Ritter)。