VOA慢速英語:美國紀(jì)念布朗案廢除學(xué)校種族隔離六十周年

U.S. Marks 60th Anniversary of Brown Ruling that Desegregated Schools

美國紀(jì)念布朗案廢除學(xué)校種族隔離六十周年

From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語教育報(bào)道。

Sixty years ago this month, the highest court in the United States changed American education. On May 17, 1954, all nine judges of the Supreme Court ruled against racial separation in public schools. The court says such segregation in schools violates the United States constitution.

60年前的這個(gè)月，美國最高法院改變了美國教育。1954年5月17日，最高法院的九名法官否決了公立學(xué)校的種族隔離。最高法院稱，學(xué)校的這類隔離違反了美國憲法。

Many school systems had separate schools for white students and black students at the time of the ruling. The system was the result of a court ruling from 1896， that decision had permitted so called "separate but equal" schools. Some schools had only white children, others had only black children.

在判決的那個(gè)年代，許多學(xué)校系統(tǒng)都有分別面向白人學(xué)生和黑人學(xué)生的學(xué)校。該體系源于1896年一家法院的判決，該判決允許學(xué)校中所謂的“隔離但平等”原則。當(dāng)時(shí)一些學(xué)校只有白人兒童，另一些則只有黑人兒童。

About sixty years later, the case Brown vs the Board of Education came before the Supreme Court. It involved five separate legal actions, but it centered on an African-American child from the state of Kansas.

大約60年之后，布朗狀告美國教育委員會(huì)一案走進(jìn)了最高法院。該案涉及五個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律行為，但都聚焦于堪薩斯州的一位非裔美國人的孩子。

Linda Brown lived just short distance from a school, but she was forced to travel across town to a black school because the school near her permitted only white students.

琳達(dá)·布朗(Linda Brown)當(dāng)時(shí)住得離一所學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)，但她被迫穿過市中心到一所黑人學(xué)校上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗腋浇膶W(xué)校只接收白人學(xué)生。

Aderson Francois teaches law at Howard University in Washington D.C. He says the case ended official racial separation in the United States.

艾德爾森·弗朗索瓦(Aderson Francois)在華盛頓特區(qū)的霍華德大學(xué)教法律。他說，這起案子結(jié)束了美國的官方種族隔離。

"Brown essentially ended American apartheid... if by that we mean the process by which the government officially classifies people by race," said Francois.

弗朗索瓦說：“布朗一案基本結(jié)束了美國的種族隔離，如果我們說的是政府官方按種族劃分的過程的話。”

But Mr. Francois criticized the ruling because it did not set a time limit by which segregation had to end. As a result, some segregated schools in the south did not obey the Supreme Court ruling until the 1960s. Even today, many schools are still effectively segregated.

但弗朗索瓦對(duì)該判決提出了批評(píng)，因?yàn)樗⑽丛O(shè)定種族隔離必須結(jié)束的時(shí)間限制。其結(jié)果就是，一直到二十世紀(jì)六十年代，美國南方的一些種族隔離學(xué)校都不服從最高法院的判決。即使是在今天，許多學(xué)校仍然有效地隔離。

In 2012, the Civil Rights Project at the University of California studied racial populations in schools. The study showed that many schools are less racially mixed than forty years ago. The study says social and economic issues are partly to blame. It also says some court cases have weakened enforcement of desegregation.

2012年，加州大學(xué)的民權(quán)項(xiàng)目研究了學(xué)校的種族群體。該研究表明，和40年前相比，很多學(xué)校的種族融合更差。該研究稱，社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題是部分原因。它還表示，一些法院案件削弱了廢除種族隔離的執(zhí)法。

That does not surprise education activist Jeanette Taylor. She came to Washington recently with other activists. They urged officials to act to stop putting more money into mainly white schools than those with many minority students.

這點(diǎn)并未讓教育活動(dòng)家珍妮特·泰勒(Jeanette Taylor)感到奇怪。她最近和其他活動(dòng)家來到了華盛頓，敦促官員們采取行動(dòng)，停止把更多資金投入到白人為主的學(xué)校，而不是少數(shù)族群的學(xué)校。

"So we're here today to tell them to stop pushing bad policies," said Taylor.

泰勒說：“所以我們今天來到這里，告訴他們要停止推行不好的政策。”

Jitu Brown is with the Journey for Justice Alliance. He says separation based on race still exists. And he criticizes a recent Supreme Court decision, it ruled that the state of Michigan can bar public colleges and universities from considering a person's race when they decide whom to admit. Education officials say the number of African-American students has decreased at schools in states with similar bans.

布朗就職于正義聯(lián)盟之旅。他說基于種族的隔離仍然存在。他還批評(píng)最高法院最近判決密歇根州禁止公立大專院校在錄取學(xué)生時(shí)考慮其種族。教育官員說，在有著類似禁令的一些州，非洲裔學(xué)生人數(shù)有所下降。

And from VOA Learning English, that's the Education Report. I'm Jerilyn Watson.

以上就是本期美國之音慢速英語教育報(bào)道的全部內(nèi)容。我是杰瑞林·沃特森(Jerilyn Watson)。