VOA慢速英語:Rethinking 'Good' Cholesterol; PSA Test Debate

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[ti:Rethinking 'Good' Cholesterol; PSA Test Debate] [ar:Steve Ember] [al:Health Report] [by:www.chinavoa.com] [00:00.00]This is the VOA Special English Health Report. [00:04.60]A study has raised questions [00:06.94]about a widely held belief involving cholesterol. [00:12.12]The belief is that high levels of so-called [00:15.43]good cholesterol in the blood [00:17.95]can reduce the risk of a heart attack. [00:21.36]The medical name for "good" cholesterol [00:24.78]is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. [00:29.08]Doctors commonly believe it reduces [00:32.07]the risk of heart attack by removing fatty deposits [00:36.83]that can block the flow of blood [00:39.55]in the arteries of the heart. [00:42.16]But Dr. Sekar Kathiresan [00:44.60]at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston says [00:48.79]the effects of high HDL have never been proven. [00:53.90]He says the new study that he and other researchers [00:58.24]did suggests that HDL cholesterol [01:02.83]does not affect the risk of heart attack. [01:06.05]SEKAR KATHIRESAN: "This has been the major assumption [01:07.90]over the last thirty years, that if you raise HDL cholesterol, [01:11.79]the risk for heart disease will be lowered. [01:13.35]And I think we have now broken that assumption, [01:19.01]broken that link using this gene variant." [01:21.83]The researchers say about four percent of people [01:25.64]have a genetic change [01:27.65]that gives them a naturally high level of HDL. [01:32.11]The study found that those who were genetically "programmed" [01:36.86]to have higher HDL levels were just as likely [01:41.42]to suffer heart attacks as those who were not. [01:45.37]A second analysis looked at fourteen gene variants [01:50.85]that increase good cholesterol. [01:54.07]Dr. Kathiresan says people with the most variants [01:58.41]had no more protection against heart attacks than anyone else. [02:03.28]But he says there is no dispute [02:07.63]about low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL, [02:13.07]the so-called bad cholesterol, [02:17.02]causes a buildup of fatty substances inside arteries [02:21.73]and increases the risk of heart attack. [02:25.01]Dr. Kathiresan and his colleagues [02:28.19]published their findings in the Lancet medical journal. [02:31.89]Another widely held medical belief [02:35.85]has also come into question recently. [02:38.63]For years, men over the age of forty have been told [02:43.89]to get a simple blood test to see if they have prostate cancer. [02:49.39]Now, experts on a government committee are advising them not to. [02:54.98]Dr. Virginia Moyer heads the United States [02:58.95]Preventive Services Task Force. [03:01.86]VIRGINIA MOYER: "Close to two-thirds of older men [03:03.85]have prostate cancer and yet the huge majority of them [03:07.87]never have a problem from it in their lifetime." [03:10.44]The task force examined two large studies [03:13.63]before deciding that treating the cancer [03:16.65]found by the PSA test can do more harm than good. [03:21.96]Effects of the treatment can include a loss of [03:25.87]sexual ability and bladder control, [03:29.20]as well as other problems including heart attacks. [03:33.73]Some experts support the findings of the task force, [03:38.27]but others disagree. [03:40.36]Urologist Deepak Kapoor says [03:43.66]in about twenty years of PSA testing, [03:47.10]death rates for prostate cancer [03:49.94]have dropped by thirty-eight percent. [03:53.46]And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. [03:58.13]I'm Steve Ember.

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This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

A study has raised questions about a widely held belief involving cholesterol. The belief is that high levels of so-called good cholesterol in the blood can reduce the risk of a heart attack.

The medical name for "good" cholesterol is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. Doctors commonly believe it reduces the risk of heart attack by removing fatty deposits that can block the flow of blood in the arteries of the heart.

Is there such thing as good cholestrol?

But Dr. Sekar Kathiresan at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston says the effects of high HDL have never been proven. He says the new study that he and other researchers did suggests that HDL cholesterol does not affect the risk of heart attack.

SEKAR KATHIRESAN: "This has been the major assumption over the last thirty years, that if you raise HDL cholesterol, the risk for heart disease will be lowered. And I think we have now broken that assumption, broken that link using this gene variant."

The researchers say about four percent of people have a genetic change that gives them a naturally high level of HDL. The study found that those who were genetically "programmed" to have higher HDL levels were just as likely to suffer heart attacks as those who were not.

A second analysis looked at fourteen gene variants that increase good cholesterol. Dr. Kathiresan says people with the most variants had no more protection against heart attacks than anyone else.

But he says there is no dispute about low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL, the so-called bad cholesterol, causes a buildup of fatty substances inside arteries and increases the risk of heart attack.

Dr. Kathiresan and his colleagues published their findings in the Lancet medical journal.

Another widely held medical belief has also come into question recently. For years, men over the age of forty have been told to get a simple blood test to see if they have prostate cancer. Now, experts on a government committee are advising them not to. Dr. Virginia Moyer heads the United States Preventive Services Task Force

VIRGINIA MOYER: "Close to two-thirds of older men have prostate cancer and yet the huge majority of them never have a problem from it in their lifetime."

The task force examined two large studies before deciding that treating the cancer found by the PSA test can do more harm than good. Effects of the treatment can include a loss of sexual ability and bladder control, as well as other problems including heart attacks.

Some experts support the findings of the task force, but others disagree. Urologist Deepak Kapoor says in about twenty years of PSA testing, death rates for prostate cancer have dropped by thirty-eight percent.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.

有益膽固醇和PSA測(cè)試受到質(zhì)疑

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語健康報(bào)道。

A study has raised questions about a widely held belief involving cholesterol. The belief is that high levels of so-called good cholesterol in the blood can reduce the risk of a heart attack.
一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)一種涉及膽固醇的普遍觀點(diǎn)提出了質(zhì)疑。這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，血液中的有益膽固醇水平高能夠降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The medical name for "good" cholesterol is high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. Doctors commonly believe it reduces the risk of heart attack by removing fatty deposits that can block the flow of blood in the arteries of the heart.
這種有益膽固醇的醫(yī)學(xué)名稱是高密度脂蛋白（以下簡(jiǎn)稱HDL）。醫(yī)生們普遍認(rèn)為，它能通過帶走阻塞心臟動(dòng)脈血液流動(dòng)的脂肪沉積，降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

But Dr. Sekar Kathiresan at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston says the effects of high HDL have never been proven. He says the new study that he and other researchers did suggests that HDL cholesterol does not affect the risk of heart attack.
但波士頓市馬薩諸塞總醫(yī)院的謝卡爾·凱瑟雷森（Sekar Kathiresan）表示，HDL含量高的影響從未被證實(shí)。他表示，自己和其他研究人員進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)新研究證實(shí)，HDL膽固醇對(duì)心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒有影響。

SEKAR KATHIRESAN: "This has been the major assumption over the last thirty years, that if you raise HDL cholesterol, the risk for heart disease will be lowered. And I think we have now broken that assumption, broken that link using this gene variant."
凱瑟雷森：“這是過去30年的一種主流假設(shè)，如果提高HDL膽固醇含量，心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將會(huì)降低。而我認(rèn)為，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)通過分析基因變異打破了這種假設(shè)，打破了這兩者的聯(lián)系。”

The researchers say about four percent of people have a genetic change that gives them a naturally high level of HDL. The study found that those who were genetically "programmed" to have higher HDL levels were just as likely to suffer heart attacks as those who were not.
研究人員稱，約4%的人擁有一種遺傳變異，使得他們生來HDL水平就高。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種天生就HDL水平更高的人和普通人同樣會(huì)患心臟病。

A second analysis looked at fourteen gene variants that increase good cholesterol. Dr. Kathiresan says people with the most variants had no more protection against heart attacks than anyone else.
第二項(xiàng)分析著眼于能夠提升有益膽固醇含量的14種基因變異。凱瑟雷森表示，擁有基因變異最多的人群與其他人相比，并未能更好地預(yù)防心臟病發(fā)作。

But he says there is no dispute about low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL, the so-called bad cholesterol, causes a buildup of fatty substances inside arteries and increases the risk of heart attack.
但他表示，有一點(diǎn)沒有爭(zhēng)議，低密度脂蛋白，也就是所謂的有害膽固醇（以下簡(jiǎn)稱LDL），會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈內(nèi)的脂肪物質(zhì)堆積，提高心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Dr. Kathiresan and his colleagues published their findings in the Lancet medical journal.
凱瑟雷森醫(yī)生及其同事將他們的這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上。

Another widely held medical belief has also come into question recently. For years, men over the age of forty have been told to get a simple blood test to see if they have prostate cancer. Now, experts on a government committee are advising them not to. Dr. Virginia Moyer heads the United States Preventive Services Task Force.
另一種普遍醫(yī)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)最近也受到了質(zhì)疑。多年來，40歲以上男子一直被告知進(jìn)行一種簡(jiǎn)單的血液測(cè)試，看他們是否患有前列腺癌。目前，某政府委員會(huì)的專家建議他們不要這么做。弗吉尼亞·莫耶醫(yī)生（Virginia Moyer）負(fù)責(zé)美國(guó)預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)特別委員會(huì)。

VIRGINIA MOYER: "Close to two-thirds of older men have prostate cancer and yet the huge majority of them never have a problem from it in their lifetime."
莫耶：“將近2/3的老年男子患有前列腺癌，但他們中的絕大多數(shù)人終其一生都未因?yàn)榍傲邢侔┊a(chǎn)生什么問題。”

The task force examined two large studies before deciding that treating the cancer found by the PSA test can do more harm than good. Effects of the treatment can include a loss of sexual ability and bladder control, as well as other problems including heart attacks.
在斷定對(duì)經(jīng)由PSA測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)的前列腺癌患者的治療弊大于利前，該委員會(huì)審查了兩項(xiàng)大型研究。這種治療的后果包括喪失性能力和膀胱控制，以及包括心臟病發(fā)作在內(nèi)的其它問題。

Some experts support the findings of the task force, but others disagree. Urologist Deepak Kapoor says in about twenty years of PSA testing, death rates for prostate cancer have dropped by thirty-eight percent.
一些專家支持該委員會(huì)的結(jié)論，但其他人并不同意。泌尿科醫(yī)生迪帕克·卡普爾（Deepak Kapoor）表示，在20多年的PSA測(cè)試中，前列腺癌的死亡率下降了38%。

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