VOA慢速英語:民用無人機(jī)給非洲帶來希望和質(zhì)疑

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[ti:Civilian Drones Raise Hopes, Questions in Africa] [ar:June Simms] [al:Technology Report] [by:www.chinavoa.com] [00:00.00]From VOA Learning English, [00:01.86]this is the Technology Report. [00:05.41]African militaries want drones to help them [00:09.66]guard their borders and large open spaces, [00:13.25]but makers of these drones, [00:15.70]which are also call unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs, [00:21.41]say they could do much more than military work. [00:25.16]They could deliver medicine, [00:27.26]protect endangered species, [00:30.25]and move goods quickly and cheaply. [00:34.40]But some experts warn that letting drones operate [00:38.77]even for "good" uses could create problems. [00:43.42]Kenyan engineer James Munyoki has built several drones. [00:49.34]One of them can carry a load of upto 6 kilograms. [00:54.00]He is trying to increase that to 10 kilograms. [00:58.23]"When I started building them, [00:59.83]I was thinking the payload would be something [01:01.89]like a camera for surveillance purposes. [01:03.88]We need that in Kenya. [01:05.13]That would enhance security. [01:06.99]Apart from that, it can also monitor traffic. [01:09.45]These are drones that can be used for journalism or photography, [01:14.36]so the application is not just going to be [01:17.46]for military purpose or security purpose," said Munyoki. [01:19.41]Park rangers in South Africa are flying small drones [01:24.38]to watch over endangered rhinos. [01:27.44]Some experts say drones could also be use to document [01:32.70]the flow of refugees trying to escape conflict from their country, [01:37.35]or to record governmental abuses of human rights. [01:42.09]They could help in search and rescue operations, [01:45.34]and transport aid to hard-to-reach or dangerous areas. [01:51.30]Africa's strong economic growth and bad road conditions [01:56.71]are seeing as a great business opportunity for drone makers. [02:01.75]They believe battery-powered drones [02:04.97]could move from one charging center to another, [02:08.34]carry items to villages far from cities. [02:12.82]Kristin Sandvik is the director of the Norwegian Centre [02:17.92]for Humanitarian Studies. [02:20.42]She says drones may solve some problems but create others. [02:25.71]"Across Africa, very few countries have comprehensive domestic legislation [02:29.78]on privacy and data protection and information storage.... [02:32.43]A drone cannot only see or listen. [02:35.68]It can also sense and hear and read. [02:38.90]So in a couple of years time when you have the smaller drones [02:42.20]also outfitted with facial recognition technology. [02:45.17]A smaller drones that could potentially hack into wireless systems," said Sandvik. [02:50.78]Ms Sandvik says drones carrying cameras [02:54.47]maybe use to deliver aid to a refugee camp, [02:59.54]but she asks, what happens to the information it may gather. [03:04.32]"Is the drone going to then give [over] [03:07.12]all of this humanitarian crisis mapping information? [03:09.32]Is that going to be handed over the International Criminal Court [03:12.47]for example?" Sandvik questioned. [03:13.47]Drones are not get ready for widespread use. [03:16.53]The sensor technology needed to prevent drones [03:20.43]from crashing into things needs to be improved. [03:23.88]They are also costly, and in most countries, [03:28.92]drones or other aircraft can not be flown [03:32.27]without special laws governing their use. [03:35.63]Opponents and supporters of drones do not agree on much, [03:40.78]but they do agree that the technology is coming [03:44.24]likely within the next 10 years. [03:47.29]And they say Africa needs to be ready. [03:51.10]And that is the Technology Report from VOA Learning English.

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語科技報(bào)道。

African militaries want drones to help them guard their borders and large open spaces, but makers of these drones, which are also call unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs, say they could do much more than military work. They could deliver medicines, protect endangered species, and move goods quickly and cheaply. But some experts warn that letting drones operate even for "good" uses could create problems.

非洲軍方想用無人機(jī)幫助他們保衛(wèi)邊境及大片空地，但無人機(jī)制造商表示，無人機(jī)能做的遠(yuǎn)不止軍事工作。他們可以投遞藥品，保護(hù)瀕危物種，快速又廉價(jià)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)貨物。但一些專家表示，即使讓無人機(jī)用于“好”的方面，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些問題。

Kenyan engineer James Munyoki has built several drones. One of them can carry a load of upto 6 kilograms. He is trying to increase that to 10 kilograms.

肯尼亞工程師James Munyoki已經(jīng)建成數(shù)架無人機(jī)。其中一架無人機(jī)可以攜帶高達(dá)6公斤的負(fù)重。他正試圖將其提高到10公斤。

"When I started building them, I was thinking the payload would be something like a camera for surveillance purposes. We need that in Kenya. That would enhance security. Apart from that, it can also monitor traffic. These are drones that can be used for journalism or photography, so the application is not just going to be for military purpose or security purpose," said Munyoki.

他說，“當(dāng)我開始建造它們時(shí)我在想裝備可能是用于監(jiān)控的攝像頭之類的?？夏醽喰枰@。這會(huì)增加安全性。除此之外，它還能用于監(jiān)控交通。有些無人機(jī)能用于新聞或攝影。所以它的用途不僅僅是軍事用途或安全用途。”

Park rangers in South Africa are flying small drones to watch over endangered rhinos. Some experts say drones could also be use to document the flow of refugees trying to escape conflict from their country, or to record governmental abuses of human rights. They could help in search and rescue operations, and transport aid to hard-to-reach or dangerous areas.

南非的公園護(hù)林員利用小型無人機(jī)監(jiān)視瀕臨滅絕的犀牛。一些專家說，無人機(jī)還可以用于記錄試圖逃離本國沖突的難民的流動(dòng)，或記錄政府侵犯人權(quán)的行為。它們還能幫助搜救行動(dòng)，以及向難以到達(dá)的或危險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)運(yùn)送援助。

Africa's strong economic growth and bad road conditions are seeing as a great business opportunity for drone makers. They believe battery-powered drones could move from one charging center to another, carry items to villages far from cities.

非洲強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和惡劣的路況被視為是無人機(jī)制造商一個(gè)巨大的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。他們認(rèn)為，電池驅(qū)動(dòng)的無人機(jī)可以從一個(gè)充電站飛到另一個(gè)充電站，向遠(yuǎn)離城市的農(nóng)村運(yùn)送物品。

Kristin Sandvik is the director of the Norwegian Centre for Humanitarian Studies. She says drones may solve some problems but create others.

克里斯汀·山特維克(Kristin Sandvik)是挪威人道主義研究中心的負(fù)責(zé)人。她表示，無人機(jī)可能會(huì)解決一些問題，但也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些問題。

"Across Africa, very few countries have comprehensive domestic legislation on privacy and data protection and information storage....A drone cannot only see or listen. It can also sense and hear and read. So in a couple of years time when you have the smaller drones also outfitted with facial recognition technology. A smaller drones that could potentially hack into wireless systems," said Sandvik.

山特維克說，“整個(gè)非洲只有極少數(shù)國家針對(duì)隱私、數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)以及信息儲(chǔ)存有全面的國內(nèi)立法。無人機(jī)不僅能看或聽，還能感知、聽到和讀取。所以幾年時(shí)間后當(dāng)你有了無人機(jī)還配備了面部識(shí)別技術(shù)。小型無人機(jī)還可能攻入無線系統(tǒng)。”

Ms Sandvik says drones carrying cameras maybe use to deliver aid to a refugee camp, but she asks, what happens to the information it may gather.

山特維克女士表示，攜帶攝像頭的無人機(jī)也許能用于向難民營運(yùn)送援助，但她質(zhì)疑，它可能收集到的信息會(huì)怎么處理?

"Is the drone going to then give [over] all of this humanitarian crisis mapping information? Is that going to be handed over the International Criminal Court for example?" Sandvik questioned.

山特維克女士質(zhì)疑道：“舉例來說，無人機(jī)會(huì)清除所有這些人道主義危機(jī)的圖譜信息?還是會(huì)移交給國際刑事法院?”

Drones are not get ready for widespread use. The sensor technology needed to prevent drones from crashing into things needs to be improved. They are also costly, and in most countries, drones or other aircraft can not be flown without special laws governing their use.

無人機(jī)尚未做好廣泛應(yīng)用的準(zhǔn)備。用于防止無人機(jī)撞機(jī)的傳感技術(shù)尚有待提高。它們也非常昂貴，而且在很多國家，無人機(jī)或其它航空器未獲得專門法律監(jiān)管其使用就不能飛行。

Opponents and supporters of drones do not agree on much, but they do agree that the technology is coming likely within the next 10 years. And they say Africa needs to be ready.

無人機(jī)的反對(duì)者和支持者在很多問題上意見不一致，但他們一致認(rèn)為，該技術(shù)可能在未來10年內(nèi)得到應(yīng)用。他們說，非洲必須做好準(zhǔn)備。

And that is the Technology Report from VOA Learning English.

以上就是本期美國之音慢速英語科技報(bào)道的全部內(nèi)容。

Civilian Drones Raise Hopes, Questions in Africa

By VOA

09 March, 2014

From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.

African militaries want drones to help them guard their borders and large open spaces, but makers of these drones, which are also call unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs, say they could do much more than military work. They could deliver medicines, protect endangered species, and move goods quickly and cheaply. But some experts warn that letting drones operate even for "good" uses could create problems.

Kenyan engineer James Munyoki has built several drones. One of them can carry a load of upto 6 kilograms. He is trying to increase that to 10 kilograms.

"When I started building them, I was thinking the payload would be something like a camera for surveillance purposes. We need that in Kenya. That would enhance security. Apart from that, it can also monitor traffic. These are drones that can be used for journalism or photography, so the application is not just going to be for military purpose or security purpose," said Munyoki.

FILE - A technician checks a surveillance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drone operated by the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of Congo's eastern city of Goma. United Nations forces in Democratic Republic of Congo launched unmanned aircraft to monitor the volatile border with Rwanda and Uganda, the first time.