里根于1984年在復(fù)旦大學(xué)的演講

里根于1984年在復(fù)旦大學(xué)的演講

We have been in your country only 5 days, but already we have seen the wonders of a lifetime—the Great Wall of China, a structure so huge and marvelous that it can be seen from space; the ancient city of Xi’an; and the Tomb of the Great Emperor and the buried army that guards him still. These are the wonders of ages past.

But today I want to talk to you, the young people of a great university, about the future, about our future together and how we can transform human life on this planet if we bring as much wisdom and curiosity to each other as we bring to our scholarly pursuits.

I want to begin, though, with some greetings. I bring you greetings not only from my countrymen but from one of your countrymen. Some of you know Ye Yang, who was a student here. He graduated from Fudan and became a teacher of English at this university. Now he is at Harvard University in the United States, where he is studying for a doctorate in comparative literature.

My staff spoke to him before we left. Mr. Ye wants you to know he is doing fine. He is working hard on his spring term papers, and his thoughts turn to you often. He asked me to deliver a message to his former students, colleagues, friends, and family. He asked me to say for him, and I hope I can, “Wo xiang nian da jia”.

He wants you to know that he looks forward to returning to Fudan to teach. And President Xie, he said to tell you he misses your friendship and encouragement. And Mr. Ye says you are a very great woman and a great educator. You will be proud to know that he received straight as last term. And when we congratulated him, he said, “I have nothing to be proud of myself; I am so proud of my university.”

I’d like to say a few words about our China-U.S. educational exchange programs. It’s not entirely new, this exchanging of students. Your President Xie earned a degree from Smith College in the United States. Smith is also my wife Nancy’s alma mater. And President Xie also attended MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of our greatest universities of science, engineering, and technology.

But in the past few years, our two countries have enjoyed an explosion in the number of student exchanges. Five years ago, you numbered your students studying abroad in the hundreds. Since then, 20,000 Chinese scholars have studied throughout the world, and more than half of them have come to American schools. More than 100 American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions.

We have committed more resources to our Fulbright program in China than in any other country. Two of the American professors teaching here at Fudan are Fulbright professors. And there are 20 American students studying with you, and we’re very proud of them.

American students come to China to learn many things—how you monitor and predict earthquakes, how you’ve made such strides in researching the cause and treatment of cancer. We have much to learn from you in neurosurgery and in your use of herbs in medicine. And we welcome the chance to study your language, your history, and your society.

You, in turn, have shown that you’re eager to learn, to come to American schools and study electronics and computer sciences, math and engineering, physics, management, and the humanities. We have much to share in these fields, and we’re eager to benefit from your curiosity. Much of this sharing is recent, only 5 years old. But the areas of our mutual cooperation continue to expand. We’ve already agreed to cooperate more closely in trade, technology, investment, and exchanges of scientific and managerial expertise. And we have just concluded an important agreement to help advance our technological and economic development through the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

That term“peaceful use of nuclear energy”is a key. Our agreement rests upon important principles of nonproliferation. Neither of our countries will encourage nuclear proliferation nor assist any other country to acquire or develop any nuclear explosive device.

We live in a troubled world, and the United States and China, as two great nations, share a special responsibility to help reduce the risks of war. We both agree that there can be only one sane policy to preserve our precious civilization in this modern age: A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. And no matter how great the obstacles may seem, we must never stop our efforts to reduce the weapons of war. We must never stop at all until we see the day when nuclear arms have been banished from the face of this Earth.

With peaceful cooperation as our guide, the possibilities for future progress are great. For example, we look forward to exploring with China the possibilities of cooperating in the development of space on behalf of our fellow citizens.

Our astronauts have found that by working in the zero gravity environment of space, we will be able to manufacture life-saving medicines with far greater purity and efficiency, medicines that will treat diseases of heart attack and stroke that afflict millions of us. We will learn how to manufacture Factor 8, a rare and expensive medicine used to treat hemophiliacs. We can research the Beta Cell, which produces insulin, and which could provide mankind’s first permanent cure for diabetes.

New satellites can be launched for use in navigation, weather forecasting, broadcasting, and computer technology. We already have the technology to make the extraordinary commonplace. We hope to see the day when a Chinese scientist working out an engineering problem in Fudan will be able to hook into the help of a scientist at a computer at MIT. And the scientist in Boston will be able to call on the expertise of the scientist in Shanghai, and all of it in a matter of seconds.

My young friends, this is the way of the future. By pooling our talents and resources, we can make space a new frontier of peace.

Your government’s policy of forging closer ties in the free exchange of knowledge has not only enlivened your economy, it has opened the way to a new convergence of Chinese and American interests. You have opened the door, and let me assure you that ours is also open.

Now, all of this is particularly exciting in light of the recent history of our two countries. For many years, there was no closeness between us. The silence took its toll. A dozen years ago, it began to change. Together, we made it change. Now in the past 5 years, your policy of opening to the outside world has helped us begin to know each other better than we ever had before.

But that process has just begun. To many Americans, China is still a faraway place, unknown, unseen, and fascinating. And we are fascinated.

I wonder if you’re aware of the many ways China has touched American life. The signs of your influence and success abound. If I were spending this afternoon in Washington, I might look out the window and see a man and woman strolling along Pennsylvania Avenue wearing Chinese silk. They might be on their way to our National Portrait Gallery to see the Chinese art exhibit. And from there, perhaps they would stroll to our National Gallery to see the new building designed by the Chinese American architect, I.M. Pei. After that, they might end their day dining in a restaurant that serves Chinese cuisine.

We associate China with vitality, enormous vitality, and something that doesn’t always go along with that—subtlety, the subtlety of discerning and intelligent minds.

Premier Zhao saw something of the American attitude toward China when he visited us in January. He said after a few days in our country that he never expected such profound feelings of friendship among the American people for the Chinese people.

Well, let me say, I’m happy to return the compliment. I have found the people of China to be just as warm and friendly toward us, and it’s made us very glad.

But meeting you and talking to you has only made me want to know more. And I sense that you feel the same way about Americans. You, too, wish to know more.

I would like to tell you something about us, and also share something of my own values.

First of all, America is really many Americas. We call ourselves a nation of immigrants, and that’s truly, what we are. We have drawn people from every corner of the Earth. We’re composed of virtually every race and religion, and not in small numbers, but large. We have a statue in New York Harbor that speaks of this, a statue of a woman holding a torch of welcome to those who enter our country to become Americans. She has greeted millions upon millions of immigrants to our country. She welcomes them still. She represents our open door.

All of the immigrants who came to us brought their own music, literature, customs, and ideas. And the marvelous thing, a thing of which we’re proud, is they did not have to relinquish these things in order to fit in. In fact, what they brought to America became American. And this diversity has more than enriched us; it has literally shaped us.

This tradition—the tradition of new immigrants adding to the sum total of what we are—is not a thing of the past. New immigrants are still bringing their talents and improving the quality of American life. Let me name a few—I think you’ll know their names.

In America, Wang computers have become a fixture in offices throughout the country. They are the product of the energy and brilliance of Mr. a Wang, who himself is the product of a Shanghai university.

The faces of our cities shine with the gleaming buildings of Mr. I.M. Pei, who first became interested in architecture as a student here in Shanghai.

What we know of the universe and the fundamental nature of matter has been expanded by the Nobel Prize winning scientist, Dr. Lee Tsung-Dao, who was born in Shanghai.

We admire these men; we honor them; and we salute you for what you gave them that helped make them great.

Sometimes in America, some of our people may disagree with each other. We are often a highly disputatious nation. We rather like to argue. We are free to disagree among ourselves, and we do. But we always hold together as a society. We’ve held together for more than 200 years, because we’re united by certain things in which we all believe, things to which we’ve quietly pledged our deepest loyalties.

I draw your special attention to what I’m about to say, because it’s so important to an understanding of my country.We believe in the dignity of each man, woman, and child. Our entire system is founded on an appreciation of the special genius of each individual, and of his special right to make his own decisions and lead his own life.

We believe—and we believe it so deeply that Americans know these words by heart—we believe“that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among those are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Take an American student or teacher aside later today and ask if he or she hasn’t committed those words to memory. They are from the document by which we created our nation, the Declaration of Independence.

We elect our government by the vote of the people. That is how we choose our Congress and our President. We say of our country, “Here the People Rule, ”and it is so.

Let me tell you something of the American character. You might think that with such a varied nation, there couldn’t be one character, but in many fundamental ways, there is.

We are a fair-minded people. We’re taught not to take what belongs to others. Many of us, as I said, are the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of immigrants, and from them we learned something of hard labor. As a nation we toiled up from poverty, and no people on Earth are more worthy to be trusted than those who have worked hard for what they have. None is less inclined to take what is not theirs.

We’re idealists. Americans love freedom, and we’ve fought and died to protect the freedom of others. When the armies of fascism swept Europe four decades ago, the American people fought at great cost to defend the countries under assault.

When the armies of fascism swept Asia, we fought with you to stop them. And some of you listening today remember those days, remember when our General Jimmy Doolittle and his squadron came halfway around the world to help. Some of those pilots landed in China. You remember those brave young men. You hid them and cared for them and bound up their wounds. You saved many of their lives.

When the Second World War was won, the United States voluntarily withdrew from the faraway places in which we had fought. We kept no permanent armies of occupation. We didn’t take an inch of territory, nor do we occupy one today. Our record of respect for the freedom and independence of others is clear.

We’re a compassionate people. When the war ended, we helped rebuild our allies—and our enemies as well. We did this because we wanted to help the innocent victims of bad governments and bad policies, and because, if they prospered, peace would be more secure.

We’re an optimistic people. Like you, we inherited a vast land of endless skies, tall mountains, rich fields, and open prairies. It made us see the possibilities in everything. It made us hopeful. And we devised an economic system that rewarded individual effort that gave us good reason for hope.

We love peace. We hate war. We think—and always have—that war is a great sin, a woeful waste. We wish to be at peace with our neighbors. We want to live in harmony with friends.

There is one other part of our national character I wish to speak of. Religion and faith are very important to us. We’re a nation of many religions. But most Americans derive their religious belief from the Bible of Moses, who delivered a people from slavery; the Bible of Jesus Christ, who told us to love thy neighbor as thyself, to do unto your neighbor as you would have him do unto you.

And this, too, has formed us. It’s why we wish well for others. It’s why it grieves us when we hear of people who cannot live up to their full potential and who cannot live in peace.

We invite you to know us. That is the beginning of friendship between people. And friendship between people is the basis for friendship between governments.

The silence between our governments has ended. In the past 12 years, our people have become reacquainted, and now our relationship is maturing. And we’re at the point where we can build the basis for a lasting friendship.

Now, you know, as I do, that there is much that naturally divides us: time and space, different languages and values, different cultures and histories, and political systems that are fundamentally different. It would be foolish not to acknowledge these differences. There’s no point in hiding the truth for the sake of a friendship, for a friendship based on fiction will not long withstand the rigors of this world.

But let us, for a moment, put aside the words that name our differences and think what we have in common. We are two great and huge nations on opposite sides of the globe. We are both countries of great vitality and strength. You are the most populous country on Earth; we are the most technologically developed. Each of us holds a special weight in our respective sides of the world.

There exists between us a kind of equipoise. Those of you who are engineering students will perhaps appreciate that term. It speaks of a fine and special balance.

Already there are some political concerns that align us, and there are some important questions on which we both agree. Both the United States and China oppose the brutal and illegal occupation of Kampuchea. Both the United States and China have stood together in condemning the evil and unlawful invasion of Afghanistan. Both the United States and China now share a stake in preserving peace on the Korean Peninsula, and we share a stake in preserving peace in this area of the world.

Neither of us is an expansionist power. We do not desire your land, nor you ours. We do not challenge your borders. We do not provoke your anxieties. In fact, both the United States and China are forced to arm themselves against those who do.

The United States is now undertaking a major strengthening of our defenses. It’s an expensive effort, but we make it to protect the peace, knowing that a strong America is a safeguard for the independence and peace of others.

Both the United States and China are rich in human resources and human talent. What wonders lie before us if we practice the advice, Tong Li He Zuo—Connect strength, and work together?

Over the past 12 years, American and Chinese leaders have met frequently to discuss a host of issues. Often we have found agreement, but even when we have not, we’ve gained insight into each other, and we’ve learned to appreciate the other’s perspectives on the world.

This process will continue, and it will flourish if we remember certain things. We must neither ignore our problems nor overstate them. We must never exaggerate our difficulties or send alarms for small reasons. We must remember that it is a delicate thing to oppose the wishes of a friend, and when we’re forced to do so, we must understand with each other.

I hope that when history looks back upon this new chapter in our relationship, these will be remembered as days when America and China accepted the challenge to strengthen the ties that bind us, to cooperate for greater prosperity among our people, and to strive for a more secure and just peace in the world.

You, the students at Fudan University, and the scholars at all the universities in China and America have a great role to play in both our countries’ futures. From your ranks will come the understanding and skill the world will require in decades to come. Today’s leaders can pave the way of the future. That is our responsibility. But it is always the younger generation who will make the future. It is you who will decide if a continuing, personal friendship can span the generations and the differences that divide us. In such friendship lies the hope of the world.

When he was a very young man, Zhou Enlai wrote a poem for a schoolmate who was leaving to study abroad. Zhou appreciated the responsibilities that separated them, but he also remembered fondly the qualities that made them friends. And his poem ends:

Promise, I pray, that someday

When task done, we go back farming,

We’ll surely rent a plot of ground

And as pairing neighbors, let’s live.

Well, let us, as pairing neighbors, live.

I’ve been happy to speak to you here, to meet you in this city that is so rich in significance for both our countries. Shanghai is a city of scholarship, a city of learning. Shanghai has been a window to the West. It is a city in which my country and yours issued the communique that began our modern friendship. It is the city where the Yangtze meets the East China Sea, which, itself, becomes the Pacific, which touches our shores.

My young friends, history is a river that may take us as it will. But we have the power to navigate, to choose direction, and make our passage together. The wind is up, the current is swift, and opportunity for a long and fruitful journey awaits us.

Generations hence will honor us for having begun the voyage, for moving on together and escaping the fate of the buried armies of Xi’an, the buried warriors who stood for centuries frozen in time, frozen in an unknowing enmity.

We have made our choice. Our new journey will continue. And may it always continue in peace and in friendship.

Thank you very much.

我們到達(dá)中國訪問雖然僅有五天，所看到的名勝古跡卻使我們終生難忘。這當(dāng)中有從太空都能看到的巍峨壯觀的萬里長(zhǎng)城，還有古城西安、秦始皇墓和出土的兵馬俑。這些都是歷史上的奇跡。

但是，我今天想和你們這所著名學(xué)府的年輕人談?wù)勎磥?，談?wù)勎覀児餐奈磥恚務(wù)勎覀冊(cè)鯓硬拍馨l(fā)揮治學(xué)的才智和探索精神來了解彼此的情況，改變?nèi)祟惖纳睢?/p>

首先，我代表我的國民對(duì)來聽我演講的諸位表示由衷的問候。此外，我還帶來一位你們的同胞的問候，也就是曾經(jīng)在復(fù)旦就讀的葉揚(yáng)。他從復(fù)旦畢業(yè)，并在此擔(dān)任英語教師。現(xiàn)在在美國哈佛大學(xué)攻讀比較文學(xué)博士學(xué)位。

離開前，我的工作人員曾與他談話。葉揚(yáng)希望他的同胞知道他一切順利。他正努力地寫第二學(xué)期的論文，他非常想念你們。他請(qǐng)我向他的學(xué)生、同事、朋友和家人帶個(gè)口信，他說：“我想念大家。”能幫他這個(gè)忙，我非常高興。

他想告訴你們，他期待回到復(fù)旦教學(xué)。謝校長(zhǎng)，葉揚(yáng)還想告訴您，他非常感謝您的鼓勵(lì)，也珍惜您的友誼。他還說您是一位非常偉大的女性，也是一位很好的教師。聽到他上學(xué)期拿了年級(jí)最優(yōu)，相信您會(huì)感到非常自豪的。我們祝賀他的時(shí)候，他說：“我自己沒什么可自豪的，但是我為我的大學(xué)感到自豪。”

我想略微談?wù)勚忻乐g的教育交流計(jì)劃。兩國交換留學(xué)生，實(shí)際上并不是什么新事物，你們的謝校長(zhǎng)曾在美國史密斯學(xué)院獲得學(xué)位。史密斯學(xué)院也是我的夫人南希的母校。謝校長(zhǎng)還在麻省理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)過，這是美國最大的一所理工學(xué)院。

然而，最近幾年以來，兩國交換的留學(xué)生人數(shù)急劇增加。五年前中國去國外的留學(xué)生還只不過幾百名，而現(xiàn)在中國在全世界的學(xué)者和學(xué)生已達(dá)兩萬多名，其中一半以上到美國學(xué)習(xí)?，F(xiàn)在有一百多家美國大專院校和幾乎同樣多的中國大專院校建立了教育上的交流關(guān)系。

美國的“富布賴特獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金計(jì)劃”撥給中國的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，比撥給任何其他國家的都多。在復(fù)旦任教的美國教授當(dāng)中就有兩位是“富布賴特教授”。還有二十位美國學(xué)生也在這里和大家一起學(xué)習(xí)，我們很為他們自豪。

美國學(xué)生在中國學(xué)習(xí)有廣闊的天地。他們向中國學(xué)習(xí)如何監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)報(bào)地震，學(xué)習(xí)中國在研究癌癥的病因和治療方面是如何取得這么多成就的。中國在神經(jīng)外科、用草藥治病等方面，有許多東西可供我們學(xué)習(xí)。我們也非常高興有機(jī)會(huì)研究中國的語言、歷史和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。

你們也表示很愿意向我們學(xué)習(xí)，來美國學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)電子和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和工程學(xué)、物理學(xué)、管理學(xué)以及人文學(xué)科。在這些領(lǐng)域里，我們可以相互學(xué)習(xí)的地方很多。我們殷切希望從你們的探索精神中獲益。兩國之間相互學(xué)習(xí)是最近才有的事，很多這類活動(dòng)只有五年的歷史。但是我們彼此合作的領(lǐng)域還在不斷增加。我們已經(jīng)商定在貿(mào)易、技術(shù)、投資以及科學(xué)與管理專業(yè)知識(shí)的交流等方面進(jìn)行更密切地合作。此外，我們剛剛還達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)重要的協(xié)議，通過和平利用核能來促進(jìn)我們的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

“核能的和平利用”條款是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。我們的協(xié)議是建立在重要的防擴(kuò)散原則基礎(chǔ)之上的。不論是中國還是美國都不支持核擴(kuò)散，也不會(huì)幫助任何其他國家得到或開發(fā)出任何核爆裝置。

我們生活在一個(gè)動(dòng)蕩的世界中，美中兩國都是偉大的國家，對(duì)減少戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)危險(xiǎn)都負(fù)有特別的責(zé)任。我們雙方一致認(rèn)為，為了使人類寶貴的文明能夠在當(dāng)代不毀于一旦，只有一種政策是合理的，那就是永遠(yuǎn)不打那種誰也打不贏的核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。不管障礙看來有多大，我們永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)放松削減戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)武器的努力。我們絲毫也不能放松，直到把核武器從地球上徹底銷毀。

只要我們奉行和平合作的方針，就有可能在將來取得巨大的進(jìn)步。例如，我們期望與中國一起探討是否有可能合作開發(fā)太空，這是符合世界人民的利益的。

我們的宇航員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在失重的宇宙環(huán)境中，將能夠生產(chǎn)純度更高、更加有效的藥物，來治療千百萬人的心臟病和中風(fēng)病。我們將能在軌道上試驗(yàn)制作“第八因子”，這是一種非常珍貴的稀有藥物，可以治療血友病。我們可以研究β細(xì)胞，用它來生產(chǎn)胰島素，用它也許能夠根治人類的糖尿病。

我們可以合作發(fā)射各種新型衛(wèi)星，包括用于導(dǎo)航、氣象預(yù)報(bào)、廣播、電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等方面的衛(wèi)星。我們已經(jīng)擁有化神奇為現(xiàn)實(shí)的技術(shù)。我們希望有一天，在復(fù)旦研究工程學(xué)問題的一個(gè)中國科學(xué)家，將能夠同美國麻省理工學(xué)院一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)旁的科學(xué)家溝通聯(lián)系，請(qǐng)他給予協(xié)助。同樣，在美國波士頓的一位科學(xué)家，也將能夠向上海的一位科學(xué)家尋求提供專業(yè)知識(shí)。而這種聯(lián)系只需要幾秒鐘的時(shí)間就可以連接。

青年朋友們，這就是未來發(fā)展的方向。如果我們把才能和資源匯合起來，就能把太空這個(gè)尚未開拓的疆域變成一個(gè)新的和平疆域。

在自由交流知識(shí)方面，中國政府奉行加強(qiáng)對(duì)外聯(lián)系的政策，這不僅活躍了中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且為促進(jìn)中美兩國的共同利益開辟了新的渠道。你們已經(jīng)打開了門戶，我向你們保證，我們的門戶也是敞開著的。

這些新發(fā)展同過去兩國的關(guān)系相對(duì)照，令人感到特別興奮。兩國關(guān)系曾經(jīng)疏遠(yuǎn)了許多年，兩國為此付出了代價(jià)。十二年前情況開始變化，那是在我們共同努力之下促成的變化。在最近五年里，中國實(shí)行的對(duì)外開放政策，使我們開始比以往更加了解對(duì)方。

然而這一過程僅僅是個(gè)開端。時(shí)至今日，仍然有許多美國人覺得中國遠(yuǎn)在天涯海角，鮮為人知，令人心馳神往。

我們對(duì)中國確實(shí)心馳神往。各位可知道，中國已經(jīng)在許多方面對(duì)美國的生活發(fā)生了影響。中國的影響，中國的成就，在美國到處可見。如果今天下午我是在華盛頓，只要望向窗外，便可以看到一男一女，身穿中國絲綢服裝，在白宮門前的賓夕法尼亞大道上散步。他們可能正在前往國立人像館去看中國藝術(shù)展覽，看完展覽以后，他們也許會(huì)漫步到國家美術(shù)館，去看美籍華裔建筑師貝聿銘為該館設(shè)計(jì)的新樓。然后他們可能會(huì)去一家中國餐館吃晚飯，以此來結(jié)束一天的活動(dòng)。

我們提到中國就會(huì)想起朝氣，蓬勃向上的朝氣。我們還想起并不總是與朝氣并存的敏銳，洞察事物的敏銳和睿智頭腦的敏銳。

趙總理在今年一月訪問美國期間，看到了美國對(duì)待中國的態(tài)度。他在訪問了幾天以后說：“從來沒有料到，美國人民對(duì)中國人民懷著這樣深厚的友情。”

我高興地說，我也可以用同樣的贊揚(yáng)來回贈(zèng)中國人民。我發(fā)現(xiàn)中國人民對(duì)美國人民懷有同樣熱烈和深厚的友情，這使我們感到非常高興。

但是，在今天與大家見面和談話以后，我感到我需要更多地了解中國人民。想來你們也有同感，也想更多地了解美國人民。

我想告訴你們一些關(guān)于我們的情況，也想同你們分享一些我自己的價(jià)值觀念。

首先，美國占了半個(gè)美洲。我們常把美國稱為“移民之國”，情況確實(shí)如此，美國人來自世界上的每一個(gè)角落。美國有世界上的每一個(gè)種族，每一種宗教，而且各種族、各宗教的人數(shù)不是少數(shù)，而是多數(shù)。紐約港的自由女神像說明了這一點(diǎn)。自由女神高擎著火炬歡迎所有來到我們國家成為我國公民的人。她已經(jīng)迎來了數(shù)以百萬的移民來到我們的國家，她還將繼續(xù)下去。她，就是美國敞開的大門。

所有來到我們國家的移民帶來他們自己的音樂、文學(xué)、風(fēng)俗和思想。最了不起、最令我們自豪的是他們不必放棄他們?cè)械囊磺衼磉m應(yīng)這片土地。事實(shí)上，正是他們所帶來的一切才成就了美國。這種多樣性不僅充實(shí)了美國，也塑造了美國。

新來的移民不斷給美國帶來新事物，這是一種傳統(tǒng)，一直延續(xù)至今。今天，外國移民仍然不斷前來美國，不斷把他們的才智帶到美國來，不斷提高著美國人民的生活水平。下面讓我介紹其中的幾位，大家一定會(huì)知道他們的名字。

王安公司的電子計(jì)算機(jī)，現(xiàn)在已成為美國各地辦公室里的必備之物。這些計(jì)算機(jī)是王安先生的天才和心血培育出來的，而王安先生本人是上海一所大學(xué)培養(yǎng)出來的。

貝聿銘先生設(shè)計(jì)的建筑，為美國的城市面貌增添了光彩。貝聿銘先生對(duì)建筑藝術(shù)的興趣，是他在上海讀書時(shí)就產(chǎn)生的。

榮獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金的科學(xué)家李政道博士，豐富了我們對(duì)宇宙、對(duì)物質(zhì)的基本特性的認(rèn)識(shí)。他是在上海出生的。

我們贊賞這些人，尊敬這些人。你們?yōu)槭顾麄兂刹淖龀隽素暙I(xiàn)，我們也要向你們致敬。

在美國，有時(shí)候我們會(huì)相互爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，美國是一個(gè)愛爭(zhēng)論的民族，我們喜歡辯論。盡管我們彼此之間相互爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，但我們團(tuán)結(jié)一致，組成一個(gè)整體。我們一起走過了兩百多年，堅(jiān)定不移的信念讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，我們默默地篤信忠貞不渝的信念。

我提請(qǐng)諸位注意我接下來要說的話，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)了解我的國家至關(guān)重要。我們信仰每一位男士、女士和孩子的尊嚴(yán)。我們的整個(gè)體制是建立在對(duì)每一個(gè)人的天分欣賞之上，是建立在每個(gè)人有做自己的決定，過自己的生活的特權(quán)之上。

我們深信“人人生而平等，他們享有造物者賦予的若干不可剝奪的權(quán)利——生命的權(quán)利、自由的權(quán)利和追求幸福的權(quán)利。”這就是我們的信念，每一個(gè)美國人都能背誦這句名言。散會(huì)以后，你們可以把這里的任何一位美國學(xué)生或教員拉到一旁，問問他能不能背誦這句出自美國建國文獻(xiàn)《獨(dú)立宣言》的名言。

我們通過國民的投票選舉我們的政府，選擇我們的國會(huì)和總統(tǒng)。我們稱美國是“人民統(tǒng)治”，事實(shí)確實(shí)如此。

我來講講我們的國民品質(zhì)。你們可能認(rèn)為如此復(fù)雜的民族不可能有一種共同的品質(zhì)，但是在許多基本方面我們是一致的。

我們是公正的人。我們從小受到的教育讓我們不拿任何屬于別人的一絲一毫。正如我前面所述，我們當(dāng)中的大多數(shù)都是移民的孩子、孫子和曾孫，我們從前輩那里學(xué)到了要艱苦勞動(dòng)。我們的民族靠著辛勤勞作白手起家，世界上再?zèng)]有人比我們這些為自己奮斗的人更值得信任。而且，所有的人都在覬覦那些不屬于自己的東西。

美國人民熱愛自由，也愿意為維護(hù)別人的自由而戰(zhàn)斗，而獻(xiàn)身。四十年前，法西斯軍隊(duì)席卷歐洲大陸，美國人民挺身而出，投放戰(zhàn)斗，為保衛(wèi)受侵略的國家作出了重大犧牲。

法西斯軍隊(duì)席卷亞洲的時(shí)候，我們和你們并肩抗敵。在座的有些人會(huì)記得那時(shí)的情況，會(huì)記得美國的杜立德將軍率領(lǐng)轟炸機(jī)隊(duì)，飛越半個(gè)地球前來助戰(zhàn)的事跡。有些飛行員在中國上空機(jī)毀人傷，你們還記得那些勇敢的小伙子吧?你們把它們藏起來，照料他們，給他們包扎傷口，你們救了他們很多人的命。

二戰(zhàn)勝利之后，美國自動(dòng)從曾經(jīng)戰(zhàn)斗的地區(qū)退出，沒有留下永久的占領(lǐng)軍。我們當(dāng)時(shí)沒有拿走別國的一寸土地，現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)。我們記錄在案的對(duì)他人自由和獨(dú)立的崇尚是顯而易見的。

美國人民是富有同情心的人民。當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，美國人幫助重建同盟國，也包括我們的敵國。我們?nèi)绱俗?，是希望幫助不良政府、不良政策下無辜的受害者們。因?yàn)橹挥兴麄兎睒s昌盛，世界才會(huì)更加穩(wěn)定。

美國人民是樂觀的人民。像中國一樣，美國繼承了幅員遼闊的國土，有一望無際的崇山峻嶺，沃土良田和無邊草原。遼闊的國土使我們能用積極的眼光去看待一切事物，使我們充滿希望。

美國人民熱愛和平，厭惡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。我們始終認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪大惡極，是無謂的浪費(fèi)。我們希望和我們的鄰居、朋友和平相處，

美利堅(jiān)民族還有另外一種特質(zhì)，宗教信仰和信念對(duì)我們來說至關(guān)重要。我們的民族有諸多信仰，但是大多數(shù)美國人的信仰都源自《圣經(jīng)》中的摩西，他讓一個(gè)人從奴隸制中解脫出來;還有耶穌基督，他告訴我們要像愛自己一樣愛自己的鄰居，想讓鄰居怎樣對(duì)待自己就要先那樣對(duì)待鄰居。

這一點(diǎn)也鑄造了美利堅(jiān)民族。我們期待別人好正是基于此。這也是為什么當(dāng)聽說有人不能靠自己的能力生存，時(shí)刻處在動(dòng)蕩之中時(shí)，我們感到悲痛的原因。

我們歡迎你們多多了解我們，人民之間的友誼就是這樣開始的。而人民之間的友誼，是政府之間友誼的基礎(chǔ)。

美中兩國政府之間的沉默狀態(tài)已告結(jié)束。過去的十二年里，兩國人民重新相識(shí)。現(xiàn)在我們的關(guān)系日益成熟，正是為持久友誼奠定基礎(chǔ)的時(shí)候。

我們大家都很清楚，有許多因素自然而然地使我們之間產(chǎn)生距離。例如時(shí)間和空間、不同的語言和價(jià)值觀念、不同的文化和歷史、截然不同的政治制度。不承認(rèn)這些差別是愚蠢的，為了友誼而掩蓋真相也毫無意義，因?yàn)橄虮谔摌?gòu)的友誼經(jīng)受不住這個(gè)世界的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

但是我們暫時(shí)可以把那些描寫我們差別的字眼撇在一旁，想一想我們之間的共同點(diǎn)。我們是兩個(gè)偉大的國家，分處在地球的兩邊。兩國都是朝氣蓬勃、力量強(qiáng)大的國家。你們是世界上人口最多的國家，我們是世界上技術(shù)最發(fā)達(dá)的國家。兩國都在地球上自己的一邊發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。

中美兩國之間存在著一種均勢(shì)平衡。你們當(dāng)中的理科生可能會(huì)欣賞這個(gè)詞。它代表了一種和諧、特殊的平衡。

早先有一些共同的政治關(guān)注將中美聯(lián)系在一起，并在一些重大問題上雙方達(dá)成一致。中美兩國都反對(duì)非法殘忍占領(lǐng)柬埔寨，共同譴責(zé)非法入侵阿富汗，共同出資保持朝鮮半島的穩(wěn)定，保證世界這一地區(qū)的和平。

中美兩國都不是領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張主義者。我們對(duì)中國乃至世界各國的土地都沒有擴(kuò)張的欲望。我們也沒有挑戰(zhàn)你們的國界，沒有引起你們的擔(dān)憂。事實(shí)上，中美兩國都盡力武裝自己來抵御任何一個(gè)有擴(kuò)張欲望的國家。

美國現(xiàn)在正承擔(dān)著加大防御力量的重大責(zé)任。這是一項(xiàng)耗資的嘗試，但是我們會(huì)以此來保證和平，要知道強(qiáng)大的美國是自身獨(dú)立和他國安全的保證。

美中兩國都擁有大量的人力資源和人才。只要我們通力合作，什么樣的奇跡都能創(chuàng)造出來!

十二年來，美中兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)曾就一系列問題舉行過多次會(huì)談。我們常常達(dá)成一致意見，即使不能達(dá)成一致意見，我們也能加深對(duì)彼此的認(rèn)識(shí)，理解對(duì)方對(duì)世界事務(wù)的看法。

這種進(jìn)程會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，假使我們銘記歷史，必將蓬勃發(fā)展。我們既不要忽視雙方之間的問題，也不要夸大這些問題;既不要夸大困難，也無需小題大做。我們必須記得，回避朋友的好意是很微妙的事，當(dāng)我們不得不這樣做的時(shí)候，我們必須相互理解。

我希望當(dāng)人們回顧歷史上兩國關(guān)系這一新篇章時(shí)，將不會(huì)忘記今天的情景。美國和中國為加強(qiáng)我們之間的紐帶，為兩國人民享有更高度的繁榮而合作，為爭(zhēng)取世界更可靠和公正的和平，曾接受過時(shí)代的挑戰(zhàn)。

復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生，中國和美國所有大學(xué)的學(xué)者，肩負(fù)著兩國未來的重任。今后幾十年里，世界將需要你們這些人相互諒解，發(fā)揮才能。今天的領(lǐng)袖可以為未來鋪平道路，這是我們的責(zé)任。但是未來終歸要由年青的一代來創(chuàng)造。至于個(gè)人之間的持久友誼能不能彌合上下輩之間、國與國之間的分歧，就取決于你們了。世界的希望就寄托在這種友誼之上。

周恩來年輕的時(shí)候曾為一位準(zhǔn)備出洋留學(xué)的同窗寫過一首送別詩。他很欽佩他的同學(xué)爭(zhēng)挑重任，負(fù)笈遠(yuǎn)行。他也十分珍惜他們之間的崇高友情。詩的結(jié)尾寫道：

“險(xiǎn)夷不變應(yīng)嘗膽，

道義爭(zhēng)擔(dān)敢息肩。

待得歸農(nóng)功滿日，

它年預(yù)卜買鄰錢。”

讓我們像近鄰一樣生活在一起吧。

有機(jī)會(huì)在這里向大家講話，在這個(gè)對(duì)兩國都具有重要意義的城市同大家見面，我感到十分高興。上海是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)之城，一個(gè)知識(shí)之城。上海歷來是你們通向西方之窗，也是我們兩國發(fā)表公報(bào)，始建新友誼的地方。長(zhǎng)江是世界的大河之一，它波浪滾滾經(jīng)上海流入東海，東海同太平洋匯合，太平洋的波濤洶涌，直達(dá)美國西海岸。

青年朋友們，歷史是一條長(zhǎng)河，它用波浪裹挾著我們。但是我們可以駕船航行，選擇方向，同舟共濟(jì)。風(fēng)高潮急，一次富有成果的遠(yuǎn)行正在等待著我們。

我們的子孫后代會(huì)感謝我們開始的這段旅程，感謝我們推動(dòng)了彼此的進(jìn)步，避免了秦皇陵墓中被埋葬的軍隊(duì)那樣的命運(yùn)，那些矗立了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的將士凝固在時(shí)光里，凝結(jié)著無名的仇恨。

我們已經(jīng)作出了選擇。我們將繼續(xù)我們新的旅程，但愿我們一路順風(fēng)，永遠(yuǎn)生活在友誼與和平之中。

謝謝你們!