2021考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解干擾法之?dāng)嗾氯×x

　　“斷章取義”

　　出自《左傳·襄公二十八年》：“賦詩(shī)斷章，余取所求焉?！睌?截?cái)?章:音樂(lè)一曲為一章。原指只截取《詩(shī)經(jīng)》中的某一篇章的詩(shī)句來(lái)達(dá)自己的意見(jiàn)，而不顧及所有詩(shī)篇的原意，或指不顧全篇文章或談話的內(nèi)容，孤立地取其中的一段或一句的意思。指引用與原意不符。我們的考研英語(yǔ)二閱讀也會(huì)采用這樣的方式來(lái)干擾學(xué)生，比如英語(yǔ)一2013年的第一篇文章：

　　Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

　　B. The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

　　C. People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

　　D. Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

　　文中已經(jīng)說(shuō)明要根據(jù)最后一段來(lái)推斷，因此我們就看最后一段的內(nèi)容，具體如下：

　　(1)Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line--Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.(2)She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.(3)Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainability when they can’t afford to it.

　　本段可以翻譯為：雖然很多家快速時(shí)尚公司已經(jīng)努力控制它們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力和環(huán)境上面的影響–;–;包括H&M都推出了自己的綠色環(huán)保自覺(jué)行動(dòng)–;–;Cline相信持續(xù)的改變只能由消費(fèi)者來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。她文章里所展現(xiàn)的無(wú)論是在食物還是在能源上的理想主義都可以在很多支持可持續(xù)性的人身上找到?？商摌s心是一直存在的;只有在買(mǎi)不起的情況下，人們?cè)谫?gòu)物時(shí)才會(huì)開(kāi)始更加注重持續(xù)性。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞vanity(虛榮)、price(價(jià)格)、sustainability(持續(xù)性)可以進(jìn)一步將范圍縮小至這一段的最后一句。選項(xiàng)D定價(jià)對(duì)環(huán)保購(gòu)物來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要，其中pricing是原文中afford的同義替換，environmental-friendly purchasing=shop more sustainability,所以該項(xiàng)是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A中的idealists理想主義者在文中并沒(méi)有提及，只是She exhibits the idealism的斷章取義，是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)B快速時(shí)尚業(yè)忽視了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性，與文中提到的several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment...相反，一些公司已經(jīng)努力降低對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境的影響，所以他們必然是已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性，才會(huì)采取相關(guān)措施去降低影響。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)people will only start shopping more sustainability when they can’t afford to it.的誤解。文中的意思是：只有衣服是消費(fèi)者買(mǎi)不起的時(shí)候，他們才會(huì)注重購(gòu)買(mǎi)的可持續(xù)性。而非選項(xiàng)中表述的人們對(duì)買(mǎi)不起的服裝更感興趣。