托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實(shí)例解析：植物的根部及類似結(jié)構(gòu)

　　They include roots or rootlike structures, a waxy cuticle that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water, and pores called stomata in leaves and stems that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss.

　　詞匯講解：

　　waxy /'wæks?/ adj. 蠟狀的

　　cuticle /'kj?t?kl/ n. ‘植物’角皮，角質(zhì)層;表皮，外皮

　　scarce /ske?s/ adj. 不足的，稀有的

　　結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

　　They include roots or rootlike structures, (a waxy cuticle)(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water), and pores (called stomata)(in leaves and stems)(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss).

　　深度分析：

　　這個句子的主干就是：

　　They include roots or rootlike structures and pores

　　修飾一：(a waxy cuticle) ，同位語

　　中文：一種蠟狀角質(zhì)層

　　修飾二：(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water) ，從句，修飾a waxy cuticle

　　中文：覆蓋在葉子和莖表面并且限制水分蒸發(fā)

　　修飾三：(called stomata) ，修飾pores

　　中文：稱之為氣孔

　　修飾四：(in leaves and stems) ，介詞短語

　　中文：在葉子和莖上

　　修飾五：(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss) ，從句，修飾pores，但是注意這個從句里還有三個修飾成分。

　　從句：but close

　　從句：when water is scarce

　　非謂語動詞： thus reducingwater loss

　　中文：保證氣體交換但當(dāng)水分不足時則會關(guān)閉，從而減少水分流失

　　參考翻譯：

　　他們包括根部或類似根部的結(jié)構(gòu)(一種覆蓋在葉子和莖表面并限制水分蒸發(fā)的蠟狀角質(zhì)層)以及在葉子和莖上的稱之為氣孔的毛孔(這些毛孔保證氣體交換但當(dāng)水分不足時則會關(guān)閉，從而減少水分流失)。