托福閱讀句子插入題簡介
句子插入題是考察句子與句子關(guān)系的題目。句子之間連接常見的線索有四項:指代、連接性副詞、句子打頭的并列連詞FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),以及觀點與事實。其中前三項是可見線索,最后一項是不可見線索。這里主要介紹連接性的副詞。
托福閱讀常見邏輯關(guān)系詞匯羅列
并列 遞進:Besides, In addition, in fact, indeed, also…
轉(zhuǎn)折:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…
因果:thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…
目的:to do不定式短語做狀語
解釋:That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…
舉例:for example/instance
句間連接性副詞有以上這些??嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系。
實例講解托福閱讀插入題的邏輯關(guān)系詞運用
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. A. █ It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. █ Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. █ Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). D. █
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.
我們要考慮什么地方能把兩句話之間聯(lián)系在一起。當你看到in fact的時候,大家來猜想句與句之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?在英文中,in fact前后其實是并列、遞進的關(guān)系,并不像我們中文中“事實上”是前后的轉(zhuǎn)折。在托福閱讀中,有in fact的地方,其實都是一個并列、遞進的關(guān)系。
也就是,前后兩句的意思基本上是取同的。如果你認為in fact的前后不一樣,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)再也找不到答案了。這個真的不是開玩笑。在整個官方真題Official中我們能找到6、7道題由in fact開頭的句子插入題。明確了句間的關(guān)系,我們進一步來看這句話具體的內(nèi)容。它說,事實上來自Teotihuacán的陶器和工藝品能夠在很遠的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn),然后是地點的舉例。在閱讀中,我們碰到并列的內(nèi)容求同不求異,所以后面打包處理為很遠的地方。
這些陶器和藝術(shù)品能夠在別的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著什么呢?意味著它跟別的地方應(yīng)該是有聯(lián)系的。那么我們來一一判斷每個空前有沒有提到它跟別的地方是有聯(lián)系的。
讀完可以發(fā)現(xiàn),A、B、C三個選項前面都沒有講到它跟別的地方的聯(lián)系。再看D選項,它說這個城市或許有和中美洲的經(jīng)濟和宗教的聯(lián)系,這里才出現(xiàn)聯(lián)系。所以唯一能夠跟前面匹配起來的就是D選項。前面說這個地方跟別地方有宗教和經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系,之后舉個事實來支持它的工藝品能夠在別的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn),說明它果然有聯(lián)系,所以用in fact來支持前面的觀點。
在考慮句與句之間的關(guān)系的時候,一定要去注意這些表示句間邏輯關(guān)系的詞,這些就體現(xiàn)了作者講話的意圖。