托福閱讀難點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)題型解題思路實(shí)例解析：指代題

　　托福閱讀備考中考生需要重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練的是各種題型的針對(duì)性解題思路，想要順利搞定全部10種題型保證較高的正確率，考生就不能使用千篇一律的思路解答不同的題型。下面小編就為大家實(shí)例解析托福閱讀難點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)題型指代題的解題思路。

　　托福閱讀指代題解題基本思路實(shí)例介紹

　　一、 問題形式

　　被考的文章中有一個(gè)詞或詞組被加亮，這個(gè)詞通常是一個(gè)代詞或名詞。指代題的形式如下：

　　The word (or phrase) X in the passage refers to

　　二、 解題步驟

　　1. 根據(jù)解題技巧確定答案;

　　2. 代入原文驗(yàn)證，看語義、邏輯和語法上是否通順。

　　三、基本原則

　　1. 就近指代所謂就近指代，就是被指代對(duì)象通常在指代詞前不遠(yuǎn)處，如本句或上一句中。有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在更前面的一句中。例如：

　　Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluating how serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reduce this problem.

　　The phrase this problem in the passage refers to

　　A. Interference with the flight patterns of migrating birds in certain areas

　　B. Building ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines

　　C. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines

　　D. Meeting the demands of environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy

　　本題涉及的是一個(gè)詞組this problem.尋找這一詞組的指代對(duì)象時(shí)只需向上搜索就行。根據(jù)就近原則，前一句中的主語the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines可以初步確定為答案。將其代入原文，符合語義和邏輯，因此第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確答案。第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)和第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都和this problem相距較遠(yuǎn)，而且代入時(shí)語義和邏輯上不通，因此為干擾選項(xiàng)。

　　2. 數(shù)格一致被指代對(duì)象通常與指代詞在數(shù)(如單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))和格(主格或賓格)兩方面相同。如單數(shù)代詞one指代單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)代詞they指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

　　以上就是小編為大家?guī)淼耐懈ｉ喿x指代題解題思路的實(shí)例講解，希望能幫助大家更好地應(yīng)對(duì)這一題型，并拿到更為理想的閱讀成績。