托福閱讀3種邏輯關(guān)系解答詞匯題技巧實(shí)例講解

　　托福閱讀詞匯題雖然以考察考生詞匯量為主要目的，但解答詞匯題考生需要的卻不只是詞匯知識(shí)。有時(shí)候即使大家認(rèn)識(shí)選項(xiàng)中的每一個(gè)單詞，卻還是會(huì)出現(xiàn)選擇錯(cuò)誤，這時(shí)考生就需要結(jié)合詞匯內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系來做出正確判斷了。下面小編就通過實(shí)例來具體講解。

　　托福閱讀詞匯題如何根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義?

　　除了集中強(qiáng)化地背單詞之外，考生還應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)單詞所在的上下文語境利用邏輯關(guān)系來推測(cè)單詞的含義。在考試過程中，考生可以利用到的邏輯關(guān)系有并列關(guān)系，舉例關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。下面將依次舉例進(jìn)行說明。

　　1. 并列關(guān)系解答詞匯題實(shí)例

　　如果兩個(gè)句子成分之間是并列的關(guān)系，則它們的感情色彩應(yīng)該相近，所描述的內(nèi)容性質(zhì)也相近。常見的表示并列關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

　　例題分析：

　　Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

　　4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. collect

　　B. pierce

　　C. melt

　　D. endure

　　解析

　　本句較長(zhǎng)，破折號(hào)中的從句是對(duì)前面的glacial ice的修飾，可暫且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的詞penetrate和continue into是并列關(guān)系，continue into表達(dá)“進(jìn)入”的含義，因此可對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行篩選，collect為“收集”，melt意為“溶解，融化”，endure意為“持續(xù);容忍”，因此可推測(cè)出答案為B選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)中的pierce為“滲透，滲入”的意思，與penetrate(滲透，穿透)同義。

　　2. 舉例關(guān)系解答詞匯題實(shí)例

　　舉例是對(duì)前面的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證和解釋，因此例子與其論證對(duì)象的特質(zhì)相一致。表示舉例關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

　　例題分析

　　Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

　　10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. mistrust

　　B. misinterpret

　　C. criticize

　　D. resent

　　解析

　　后句中看到信號(hào)詞for example, 則是舉例子來論證前面的觀點(diǎn)。后句意思為“他們認(rèn)為別人想傷害自己，而事實(shí)并非如此”，可以看出是誤解了別人的想法，那么前句的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)是“有攻擊性的人經(jīng)常誤解別人的動(dòng)機(jī)”，由此可以推測(cè)出distort為“誤解，曲解”類似的含義，則選出正確答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

　　3. 轉(zhuǎn)折/對(duì)比關(guān)系解答詞匯題實(shí)例

　　一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時(shí)，則轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后的內(nèi)容相反。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

　　例題分析

　　Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

　　10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. rapid

　　B. determined

　　C. flexible

　　D. demanding

　　解析

　　本句中雖然沒有明確的出現(xiàn)表對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞，但是考生很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后兩句形成對(duì)比關(guān)系，其中l(wèi)arger與smaller互為反義詞，則可推測(cè)出less fastidious與choosier同樣互為反義詞，則進(jìn)一步推出fastidious與choosier應(yīng)為近義詞，choosier為“挑剔的”意思，所以選出正確答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意為“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含義。

　　看完以上這些實(shí)例，相信大家對(duì)于如何用邏輯關(guān)系來解答托福閱讀詞匯題應(yīng)該已經(jīng)有了一定認(rèn)識(shí)和了解，小編在此預(yù)祝大家能夠順利做好托福閱讀詞匯題，拿到理想成績(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)出國夢(mèng)想。