托福閱讀選非題怎么做

　　1. 鑒別題型：大寫單詞EXCEPT / NOT

　　2. 審題：尋找題干核心詞

　　3. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息

　　4. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

　　下面我們借TPO例題來看看選非題的解題過程。

　　TPO34-3 Protection of Plants by Insects

　　【Paragraph 5】Extrafloralnectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, less than aquarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers, caterpillars,and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied byants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet.Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they laytheir eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

　　12. According to paragraph 5, antsdefend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following waysEXCEPT

　　A. driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet

　　B. catching and eating adult beetles

　　C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits

　　D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits

　　EXCEPT選非過程：

　　1. 審題：找到題干核心詞seed beetles

　　2. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息

　　Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drivethem away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.

　　3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫

　　B. catching and eating adult beetles抓捕和吃掉成年甲殼蟲

　　= the ants prey onthe adult beetles 螞蟻捕食成年甲殼蟲

　　C. eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits吃掉在水果上的甲殼蟲卵

　　= eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay 螞蟻吃掉甲殼蟲成功產(chǎn)下的卵

　　D. making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits使甲殼蟲很難再發(fā)育的水果上產(chǎn)卵

　　= disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits 螞蟻干擾正在水果上產(chǎn)卵的雌性甲殼蟲

　　有同學(xué)說，A選項(xiàng)nipping at their feet(夾它們的腳)也對(duì)應(yīng)了原文they drive them away by nipping at their feet，那我們來看看nipping at their feet這句話原句具體信息：Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers,they drive them away by nipping at their feet.盡管螞蟻還不足以大到能夠殺死或嚴(yán)重傷害螞蚱，但是螞蟻可以通過夾它們的腳趕走螞蚱。

　　所以，本題最后的答案是：A

　　TIPS:

　　1. 符合題干要求的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般以列舉形式出現(xiàn)，比如a, b, and c;或者first，second 、moreover / furthermore, third / final等。

　　2. 當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都在原文當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，必定有一個(gè)答非所問，請(qǐng)注意看清題干要求

　　TPO20-1 Westward Migration

　　【Paragraph 2】Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes,material success, and better lives.

　　4. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT

　　A. the desire to move from one place to the next

　　B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status

　　C. the opportunity to change jobs

　　D. the need to escape religious or political crises

　　點(diǎn)評(píng)：

　　本題是一道非常經(jīng)典的選非題，很多同學(xué)在做本題時(shí)都會(huì)很快的排除D選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镈：the need to escapereligious or political crises實(shí)在太容易在原文當(dāng)中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的句子：The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.所以，很多同學(xué)在排除D選項(xiàng)之后，好得意喲!

　　但，D選項(xiàng)就是咱們的正確答案!

　　What!!!

　　下面，我們來看一下解題過程。

　　EXCEPT 選非過程：

　　1. 審題：reasons, Americans migrated westward美國(guó)人向西部遷移原因

　　2. 定位：確定出題區(qū)間，找到列舉信息

　　本段都在講美國(guó)人向西遷移的原因，出題范圍較大;但是，我們可以很快的找到表列舉信息的信號(hào)詞moreover，所以可以確定moreover的前后至少各有一個(gè)原因。

　　3. 排除：排除符合原文要求的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫

　　A. the desire to move from one place to the next想要從一個(gè)地方搬遷到另一個(gè)地方

　　= Many of those who experienced this sharp break there after lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place.許多經(jīng)歷了這次劇變的人，缺乏曾經(jīng)將他們和他們的祖先束縛在一個(gè)地方的紐帶。(也就是說人們不再只愿意住在a single place，而想要搬到不同的地方)

　　B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status希望改進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

　　=believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position人們認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任改進(jìn)他們的社會(huì)地位和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

　　C. the opportunity to change jobs換工作的機(jī)會(huì)

　　=some people changed occupations easily人們可以很容易的換職業(yè)，occupation職業(yè)

　　D. the need to escape religious or political crises

　　本選項(xiàng)很容易找到原文信息：The European ancestors ofsome Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece ofland until some religious, political, or economiccrisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.一些美國(guó)人的歐洲祖先，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來扎根于相同的村莊或土地，直到宗教危機(jī)、政治危機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使他們連根拔起，迫使他們橫跨大西洋。

　　但是，請(qǐng)注意本句話的主語：The European ancestors of some Americans，即一些美國(guó)人的歐洲祖先，與本題中的主語American不符。所以，本題答案是D選項(xiàng)。