托福閱讀遇到難詞就這么辦
一. 構詞法
中國的漢字會有偏旁部首，而英語詞匯也是如此。詞匯的構成有一定規(guī)律可循，通常有如下兩種：
1. 合成法：將兩個單詞合成構成一個新詞。
out + break = outbreak 爆發(fā)
down + hill = downhill 下坡的
over + throw = overthrow 推翻
hot + foot = hotfoot 匆忙地
before + hand = beforehand 事先
2. 派生法：在詞根前后加上前綴或后綴，構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞。
前綴：
value (名詞，價值) + de-(下，向下) → devalue (動詞，降低…的價值)
little (形容詞，小的) + be- (使……成為)→ belittle (動詞，輕視)
后綴：
inflame (動詞，點火) + -ability (能……) → inflammability (名詞，易燃性)
conceive (動詞，設想)+ -able(可……的) → conceivable (形容詞，可想象的)
例題：This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
Q: The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A: difficult to control
B: without any restriction
C: unlike anything in the past
D: rapidly expanding
解析：un表示not沒有，pre表示before之前，precede是在……之前的意思，所以選擇C正確。
二. 語境法
根據(jù)上下文語境內容來推斷出某個詞匯的含義，就是語境法。通常托福閱讀中考查到以下兩種語境：
1. 并列語境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個同義的關系。
例題：Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit.
Q: In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be
A: sudden
B: early
C: gradual
D: strong and healthy
解析：可以利用句子的并列關系來推測，develop vigorously和生產(chǎn)大量的花和果實并列，那么很明顯，D選項最合適。
2. 轉折語境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個相反的關系。
For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.
Q: The word Conversely meaning to
A: on the other hand
B: in the same way
C: in other words
D: on average
解析：原句說有河水流入流出的是surface water dominated，前一句說一個沒有地表水流入的pond是seepage dominated，那么后文當然與之相對，所以正確答案是A。
三. 歸納法
“狂背單詞，疏于整理”是一大誤區(qū)。積累單詞的同時，要進行整理歸納，以下有兩種推崇的方法：
1. 意群法：將意思相近的單詞放在一起進行記憶。
吝嗇：stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty
貧窮：indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, poverty
2. 類比法：將形式相近的單詞放在一起進行記憶。
infect v.感染，傳染
affect v.影響;感染;感動;假裝
inflect v.彎曲;改變;使屈曲
effect n.影響;效果;作用
以上就是小編給的大家分享的托福閱讀遇到難詞的方法，希望能給有需要的同學提供幫助。
