揭秘托福閱讀目的題－是不是選provide example的選項(xiàng)就OK了

　　托福閱讀常考十大題型之一目的題是較多同學(xué)易錯(cuò)的一種題型。很多同學(xué)模糊的感知到目的題是考查作者在原文安排事實(shí)信息的意圖，往往是利用事實(shí)信息舉例子來(lái)證明作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，所以在做題的時(shí)候選擇含有provide example的選項(xiàng)就不會(huì)錯(cuò)。目的題真的會(huì)這么簡(jiǎn)單嗎?答案肯定是NO!!!　　

　　口說(shuō)無(wú)憑，先來(lái)看真題!

　　Paragraph 3: In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the "father of English geology", was not only for his maps but also for something even more important. Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers .Quartz is quartz-a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions-there's no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.

　　Why does the author use the phrase "Quartz is quartz"?

　　a)○ To describe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal information about dating rocks

　　b)○ To point out that the chemical composition of quartz makes it more difficult to date than other rocks

　　c)○ To provide an example of how regional differences in rock sequences can make a particular rock difficult to date

　　d)○ To explain that rocks are difficult to use for dating because their chemical compositions always remain the same over time

　　題干問(wèn)"作者為什么使用石英就是石英"這個(gè)短語(yǔ)?回原文我們看到考點(diǎn)句"Quartz is quartz-a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions-there's no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago. (石英就是石英，在兩百萬(wàn)年前更新世時(shí)代的石英和五億年前寒武紀(jì)時(shí)代的石英沒(méi)有差別.)"只是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)信息的表述。根據(jù)目的題解題思路，我們需要尋找作者在表述這一事實(shí)信息背后的意圖。因?yàn)榭键c(diǎn)句是本段最后一句，所以我們向前看"Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers (即使沒(méi)有地區(qū)差異的問(wèn)題，石頭作為與眾不同的時(shí)間標(biāo)記也是有問(wèn)題的)."除去讓步信息"Even without the problem of regional differences(即使沒(méi)有地區(qū)差異的問(wèn)題)"本句最主要想要說(shuō)明rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers(石頭作為與眾不同的時(shí)間標(biāo)記也是有問(wèn)題的)，聯(lián)系下一句含有"石英"的句子，石英作為石頭的一種，在不同時(shí)間年代中性質(zhì)特征都一樣，證明了石頭作為與眾不同時(shí)間標(biāo)記存在問(wèn)題。理清思路之后，我們來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：

　　A.描述在更新世和寒武紀(jì)中形成石頭在揭露確定地質(zhì)時(shí)間方面的差異

　　B.指出石英的化學(xué)成分使它比別的石頭更難確定地質(zhì)時(shí)間

　　C.舉例證明地區(qū)差異使某種特定的石頭特別難確定地質(zhì)時(shí)間舉例子

　　D.解釋石頭只所以難確定地質(zhì)時(shí)間是因?yàn)樗鼈兊幕瘜W(xué)成分一直保持一致

　　選項(xiàng)D與我們上面分析一致，是正確答案。但從學(xué)生實(shí)際答題來(lái)看，因?yàn)镃選項(xiàng)包含了目的題考查的核心思路(provide example)特別容易讓大家選錯(cuò)。

　　那是不是在說(shuō)含provide example的選項(xiàng)就是不對(duì)的?答案也同樣的NO!!! 該類例題在真題中比比皆是，我們隨便揪出來(lái)一道看看：

　　Paragraph6: A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion. This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization. These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. Theseunassignable animals include a large swimming predator called Anomalocaris and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus or algae. The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods (a category of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

　　Why does the author mention Anomalocans and Wiwaxia?

　　a)To contrast predators with animals that eat plants such as algae

　　b)To question the effects of rapid mud slides on fossilization

　　c)To suggest that much is still unknown about animals found in the Burgess Shale

　　d)To provide examples of fossils that cannot be assigned to a modern animal group

　　e)題目問(wèn)作者為什么提到Anomalocans and Wiwaxia?我們看到考點(diǎn)句 "These unassignable animals include a large swimming predator called Anomalocaris and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus or algae." 中include表明了后面提到的Anomalocaris及Wiwaxia是These unassignable animals的例子。利用指代關(guān)系還原指向考點(diǎn)句上一句"modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups(不可能被分類到任何一種現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物族群中的動(dòng)物群體)"所以Anomalocans and Wiwaxia是不可被分類到現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物族群中的動(dòng)物群體的例子。根據(jù)以上分析，該題應(yīng)該選擇D (To provide examples of fossils that cannot be assigned to a modern animal group 為不能被分類到現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物族群中的化石提供例子)。

　　根據(jù)以上兩道真題的分析，大家可以得出結(jié)論：目的題作答過(guò)程中最應(yīng)該注意的是為做題提供的事實(shí)信息尋找背后的觀點(diǎn)，而不是根據(jù)選項(xiàng)是否有"provide example"這樣的表達(dá)來(lái)確定正確答案。