托福閱讀長難句分析:管弦樂音響

　　A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

　　(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)from…to…作定語)

　　持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)的一系列機械上的改進(jìn)，包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳牲能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂器——這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂器的恢弘氣氛。

　　分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century;

　　分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it;

　　分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality;

　　分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects;

　　分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound;

　　分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance。

　　本句的真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實是由分句1和分句4構(gòu)成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects. 分句2和分句3并列修飾說明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修飾說明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects.