托福閱讀滿分系列解析

　　托福閱讀滿分是你的心愿也是所有托福考生的心愿，但是想拿到托福閱讀甚至托福滿分確是非常不容易的，我們不妨來(lái)看看老師的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享提高自己。

　　大家不要擔(dān)心，其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，答案就在托福閱讀中。只要你好好提升自身的英語(yǔ)水平，有朝一日你的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力達(dá)到與托福閱讀要求并駕齊驅(qū)的時(shí)候，這其中的秘密便自會(huì)揭曉。接下來(lái)我們來(lái)看一段托福閱讀的文章和題目，看看來(lái)自一位《The Evolutionary Psychology--進(jìn)化心理學(xué)》的專家觀點(diǎn)是怎么說(shuō)的吧：

　　Paragraph 2: Women tend to believe the basic fact that if a man cannot subdue them thoroughly and let them to admire his power and potential value of survival in this world, he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future, which is a distinctive mechanism successfully evolved over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations—in which those excellent genes can obtain prior opportunity to be paired, replicated and then passed on.

　　3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A Women usually believe that if a man cannot win them absolutely and accept their social value in this world, he may not possess capacity to provide protection for both themselves and their descendants—a key factor to keep good genes to be paired and copied.

　　B If a man cannot subdue women thoroughly and let them to admire his ability as a symbol to generate excellent genes, women may not believe that he is a real man who can hold and demonstrate his power continually, but intermittently.

　　C One of the most distinctive mechanisms is tended to let women to believe that a real man has ability to subdue them completely and then provide his own protection for their offspring as well as women themselves over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations.

　　D One basic fact is tended to be accepted by women that if a man cannot let them to envy and worship for his preeminent characteristics, women would deny his value in our society, which is a traditionally special system built in every human being generation by which the qualified genes can take advantage to be survived and duplicated.

　　初看這道題的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)差點(diǎn)一口氣背過(guò)去。為啥呢?哪有這么搞的嘛。一個(gè)段落居然是一句話組成的。想象一下，如果考場(chǎng)上你遇到了這種情況，怎么辦呢?這就是叫你不要害怕，要有勇氣---不管你面對(duì)托?？荚囘€是面對(duì)你的“男神、女神”，道理都是一樣的。好的，我們來(lái)看看這句話怎么分析好。你想想在面對(duì)你暗戀的人的時(shí)候，你會(huì)怎么做?你肯定想知道對(duì)方是怎么想的吧，所以你要先冷靜下來(lái)排除干擾，然后抓住關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)來(lái)分析。對(duì)于這個(gè)句子來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一樣的道理，不管句子有多么撲朔迷離，我們都要先抓住句子的語(yǔ)法主干和邏輯主線。

　　Women tend to believe the basic fact that這后面要出現(xiàn)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，而難點(diǎn)主要就在這里對(duì)吧。沒(méi)關(guān)系，接下來(lái)我們繼續(xù)抓主線。if a man cannot subdue them thoroughly and let them to admire his power and potential value of survival in this world, he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future. 這部分看似很長(zhǎng)，其實(shí)只要你能抓住句子的邏輯脈絡(luò)就OK。If部分條件狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)如果一個(gè)男人沒(méi)有能力征服他的女神，(and)不能向自己的女神證明自己很牛X。大家注意這部分，中間有個(gè)and來(lái)鏈接兩部分，這就說(shuō)明這兩部分是并列關(guān)系，其實(shí)你讀懂一部分就足夠，意思就是說(shuō)如果一個(gè)男人不夠牛X…。如果你能理解到這個(gè)程度上就足夠。

　　If條件句的后面是主句部分，主句當(dāng)然就是這個(gè)條件成立后的結(jié)果了。he certainly may not hold and demonstrate his ability to provide protection for his offspring and themselves in the future.你看到了什么?沒(méi)錯(cuò)還是and這個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以句子直接簡(jiǎn)化理解成：he may not demonstrate his ability to provide protection for (his offspring and themselves) in the future.這就是說(shuō)這個(gè)男人就沒(méi)有能力在未來(lái)保護(hù)他的女神以及他們的后代。這個(gè)句子只要你能理解到這個(gè)層次就算完成了80%的任務(wù)了。因?yàn)楹竺婺莻€(gè)which引導(dǎo)了個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其實(shí)就是從進(jìn)化心理學(xué)的角度上來(lái)解釋前面講的這個(gè)生活中的現(xiàn)象到底在科學(xué)上是怎么回事。which is a distinctive mechanism (successfully evolved over hundreds of millions of years in human being generations這部分是前面mechanism的后置定語(yǔ)，就是修飾描述是什么樣的一種機(jī)制的)—in which those excellent genes can obtain prior opportunity to be paired, replicated and then passed on. (這里又出現(xiàn)了 in which，這個(gè)討厭的東西其實(shí)就是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)而已，專家最后用一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)告訴你說(shuō)：這種成千上百萬(wàn)年的古老機(jī)制就是為了上優(yōu)秀的基因得到優(yōu)先的配對(duì)和傳承嘛。

　　言外之意就是說(shuō)只有這樣人類才能不斷適應(yīng)環(huán)境生存到今天啊。不過(guò)據(jù)我自己的考證，人類進(jìn)化從非洲智人開(kāi)始移居到世界各地群居散布至今也就幾萬(wàn)年，到頭十幾萬(wàn)年，哪里會(huì)有成百上千萬(wàn)年呢?相關(guān)專家又開(kāi)始攔不住嘴胡說(shuō)了不是?) 好啦，接下來(lái)我估計(jì)你已經(jīng)看出誰(shuí)是正確答案了，那就是D選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)倒是挺長(zhǎng)的哈，語(yǔ)言上怎么對(duì)應(yīng)的呢?我們看看吧，envy和worship對(duì)應(yīng)了原文中的admire;preeminent characteristics對(duì)應(yīng)了原文中的power and potential value of survival in this world.而would deny his value in our society對(duì)應(yīng)了原文中的he may not demonstrate his ability to provide protection for (his offspring and themselves) in the future. 原因很簡(jiǎn)單吧，如果你的女神否認(rèn)了你的社會(huì)價(jià)值，那不就等同于她不認(rèn)為你能夠證明你有能力嘛。which is a traditionally special system built in every human generation by which the qualified genes can take advantage to be survived and duplicated.定語(yǔ)從句中，傳統(tǒng)意義上的特殊系統(tǒng)就等同于原文中說(shuō)的古老機(jī)制，后面說(shuō)合格的基因能夠利用這種機(jī)制去生存和復(fù)制，就等同于原文中說(shuō)的優(yōu)秀基因的復(fù)制和傳承，這是一個(gè)意思。

　　至于其他三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，大家可以自己好好思考下它們?yōu)槭裁村e(cuò)。A選項(xiàng)精簡(jiǎn)主干后就變成了：男神不承認(rèn)女神的社會(huì)價(jià)值了。但這與原文相反好吧，如果有朝一日男神不承認(rèn)女神的社會(huì)價(jià)值，那社會(huì)不就亂了嗎?B選項(xiàng)的意思就更荒唐了，精簡(jiǎn)主干后就變成了，今天是男神，明天是備胎，后天又變成了男神，大后天又變成了可憐的備胎。男神的能力是不連續(xù)被展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，這個(gè)過(guò)程比較抽象，大家可以自己先腦補(bǔ)一下相關(guān)情景。C選項(xiàng)我都好不好意思說(shuō)它什么了。當(dāng)你把句子主干部分提取出來(lái)后讀讀看，保證嚇?biāo)滥?。它說(shuō)真正的男神可以為自己的女神和后代提供成千上百萬(wàn)年的保護(hù)。我靠，成千上百萬(wàn)年啊，我就是能化身成輪回萬(wàn)年的玉皇大帝都沒(méi)這個(gè)本事。太強(qiáng)了，太扯了，我很佩服出題人的思想創(chuàng)新。但很可惜，因?yàn)橹灰矣斜臼掳丫渥又鞲珊瓦壿嬅}絡(luò)畫出來(lái)和讀懂，那么這點(diǎn)小伎倆就騙不到我，因此我知道只有D選項(xiàng)才是正確的。

　　怎么樣，大家明白了嗎?托福中的閱讀其實(shí)只是在考察你讀句子的能力，尤其是這種長(zhǎng)難句，你只要有能力劃分語(yǔ)法主干和閱讀邏輯脈絡(luò)，那么即便是這樣無(wú)出其右的句子簡(jiǎn)化題也可以應(yīng)對(duì)自如。

　　下面給大家額外留一道這篇文章中的推斷題，大家有興趣可以自己練練看，是不是這個(gè)道理。提示你：不要被句子的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，要抓語(yǔ)法主干閱讀，理清句子邏輯脈絡(luò)。

　　Paragraph 5: How does the S&R value(Survival and Reproduction) to be defined in our society? In general, some distinctive features for human being such as one’s glamor, wisdom, social status, health and personality are always considered as a set of standards of judgment in which these traits can be demonstrated to people by one’s visual display, behavior, social implication and so forth. However, certain implications in different sex are placed in different directions. For example, female could be likely to respond to male’s behavior implications, reasoning that they are more likely to consider to obtain men’s survival value that is so called S value for their own benefit, whereas male could tend to relatively focus on visual effects presented by female, just because they hope that they can choose female who can offer high reproductive value which is called R value for their genes to be passed on both successfully and eternally. According to such viewpoint presented above, we can safely draw a conclusion--- for a woman, one of the most drawbacks is that she has to spend much more time on evaluating and assessing a man’s S value by which she must be prior to collect and then analyze it through a man’s behavior naturally presented in a extended period of time, while a man only needs to look a woman up and down in just few minutes, which he will know about her R value and can decide to whether a love relationship between them should begin immediately. Consequently, value comes about attraction between female and male’s relationship.