托福閱讀材料之睡眠

　　小編導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：人的睡眠分幾個(gè)階段，而這些階段也是循環(huán)發(fā)生的。希望大家可以從中理解并掌握一些專業(yè)詞匯，同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)背景知識(shí)。

　　Sleep

　　譯文：睡眠

　　Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows.

　　睡眠是人每天日?；顒?dòng)循環(huán)的一部分。人的睡眠分幾個(gè)階段，而這些階段也是循環(huán)發(fā)生的。 如果你是一個(gè)正常的睡眠者，你的睡眠循環(huán)會(huì)這樣進(jìn)行。

　　When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep.

　　在你開(kāi)始昏昏入睡時(shí)，你的眼睛會(huì)滾動(dòng)幾下，體溫略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸變得緩慢而有節(jié)奏。除了開(kāi)始幾分鐘比較快的α節(jié)奏外，腦電波也稍有減緩。這被稱為第一階段睡眠。

　　For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be.

　　在隨后約半小時(shí)內(nèi)，你進(jìn)一步放松，進(jìn)入第二和第三階段睡眠。睡眠越深入，腦電波就越緩慢。

　　Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.

　　大約在開(kāi)始睡眠后的 40 到 60 分鐘，你將進(jìn)入沉睡狀態(tài)。這時(shí)的腦電波表現(xiàn)為巨大的緩波，被稱為δ節(jié)奏。這就是第四階段睡眠。

　　You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep - only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.

　　但你并不是整夜都保持這種沉睡狀態(tài)。入睡后約80分鐘左右，你的大腦運(yùn)動(dòng)水平會(huì)再度略有提高。δ節(jié)奏消失，并被腦電波的運(yùn)動(dòng)圖形取代。 你的眼睛會(huì)在閉著的眼瞼下迅速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，就好象你在看著眼前發(fā)生的什么事情。這種迅速的眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)約 8～15 分鐘，這一階段睡眠被稱之為快速眼動(dòng)(REM)睡眠。在 REM 睡眠階段，你的肢體會(huì)很快再度放松，呼吸也再次放慢并變得有節(jié)奏，你會(huì)輕松地從第一階段滑入第四階段睡眠-直到大約 80分鐘后重新接近清醒狀態(tài)。

本文中重難點(diǎn)詞匯：

alpha ：n. 腦波

rhythm ：n. 節(jié)奏;韻律

consciousness：n. 意識(shí);知覺(jué);覺(jué)悟;感覺(jué)

delta：n. (腦電圖的)δ波，(表示處于最深的睡眠狀態(tài)的) 腦波