加強(qiáng)泛讀能力提升托福閱讀

　　備考過(guò)程中提升托福閱讀泛讀能力中非常重要。由于托福閱讀不需要考生的學(xué)術(shù)背景知識(shí)，在做題時(shí)往往需要的就是在段落或者文章中找答案，而不是同學(xué)的臆想。要在文章中找答案，就不得不瀏覽段落尋找題干的關(guān)鍵詞，那么，這個(gè)瀏覽的過(guò)程，就需要借助泛讀。因此，加強(qiáng)泛讀能力對(duì)提升托福考試成績(jī)是有很大幫助的。

　　那么，如何可以有效的練習(xí)泛讀呢?首先，要了解托福閱讀段落的結(jié)構(gòu)。最常見(jiàn)的閱讀段落有兩種：條理型和“卷心菜型”。今天我們先來(lái)看一下條理型的段落，如下所示：

　　How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The sheer passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly plausible explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later. Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression—or holding back—of sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon. While such repression may occur, people cannot remember ordinary events from the infant and toddler periods either. (TPO6-3 Infantile Amnesia)

　　這段一上來(lái)先是一個(gè)問(wèn)句，引出這段要講的內(nèi)容：給出關(guān)于早期記憶缺失的幾種解釋。下面分別用... does not account for it...; Another seemingly plausible explanation... also is incorrect. ..; Nor does.... explain the phenomenon....將三種解釋一一否定;每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)后都跟著一句話，作為一個(gè)例子表示一下為什么給出的解釋不靠譜：“adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier”體現(xiàn)出時(shí)間流逝確實(shí)不能解釋為什么會(huì)想不起來(lái)小時(shí)候的事;“Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later”也推翻了“小孩不能形成長(zhǎng)期記憶”的謬論，“While such repression may occur, people cannot remember ordinary events from the infant and toddler periods either. ”挑戰(zhàn)了“與性有關(guān)的事件的壓抑造成了想不起來(lái)”的觀點(diǎn)。

　　因此我們?cè)谧x這樣類型的段落時(shí)，自然不是每句話每個(gè)詞都得讀到，我們要重點(diǎn)讀的其實(shí)就是其中的觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)，比如舉例，只要清楚該細(xì)節(jié)是支持誰(shuí)的即可，所以就是我們可以略讀的部分。另外，一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)+例子結(jié)束之后，要過(guò)渡到下個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，往往會(huì)有一些標(biāo)志詞提醒我們，最常見(jiàn)的就是：Furthermore, also, another。抓住這些詞，我們就能夠判斷清楚究竟這段里講了幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)。這些要點(diǎn)在我們做題的時(shí)候，往往也能幫我們快速定位所需要的信息。無(wú)論考到的是細(xì)節(jié)還是觀點(diǎn)，就只要看相關(guān)的那一部分信息(要點(diǎn)+細(xì)節(jié))即可，就不必要總在全段里看來(lái)看去了。