托福閱讀材料之海洋死區(qū)

　　Well, as if we needed one more reason to get our environmental act together, a recent U.N. report warns that the number and size of dead zones in the ocean is increasing.

　　Dead zones are regions of oxygen-deprived water, where nothing can live. They’re caused by an excess of nutrients–usually nitrogen(氮)–released into the water. When sewage, farm fertilizers, and emissions from vehicles and factories get washed into the ocean, you get what experts call a “nitrogen cascade(氮容器)”. Tiny free- floating organisms known as plankton(浮游生物) feed on all that untreated nitrogen, and multiply to such an extent that they (1)deplete the oxygen supply in the water.

　　While fish may be able to swim away and avoid (2)suffocation, slower-moving and (3)bottom-dwelling creatures like lobsters(龍蝦), clams(蛤蚌), and oysters(牡蠣) often can’t. Also, the ocean might be a large place, but right now there are 146 known dead zones, some of which span tens of thousands of square miles. One of the worst is where the Mississippi River (4)drains into the Gulf of Mexico, and dumps fertilizer (5)runoff from the Midwest.

　　Oh,no.Is there anything we can do? We can reduce nitrogen emissions from cars and factories, and implement better sewage treatment. We can plant new forest and grasslands to (6)soak up extra nitrogen and keep it out of the water. And we can develop alternative energy sources(替代能源) that aren’t based on burning fossil fuels(化石燃料).

　　譯文：

　　如果我們需要一個(gè)理由一起進(jìn)行環(huán)保行動(dòng)，那么這個(gè)理由就是聯(lián)合國(guó)最近的發(fā)布的一個(gè)報(bào)告警告說(shuō)海洋死區(qū)的數(shù)量在不斷增多，面積在不斷增大。

　　海洋死區(qū)是指海水中的氧氣被消耗減少，以致沒(méi)有東西能夠生存。它們是由排入水中的過(guò)剩的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)引起的-這種物質(zhì)常常是氮。當(dāng)污水，農(nóng)田肥料，以及車輛和工廠的排放物被沖刷入海中時(shí)，就形成了專家所謂的“氮容器”。像浮游生物這些自由浮動(dòng)的微小生物就是以未經(jīng)處理的氮為食。它們繁殖到了如此的程度，以致于耗盡了水中供應(yīng)的氧氣。

　　盡管魚(yú)可以游走避免窒息，但是那些緩慢移動(dòng)和底棲的生物，列如：龍蝦，蛤蚌，和牡蠣卻不行。或許海洋是一個(gè)廣闊的地方，但是目前已知的海洋死區(qū)已有146個(gè)，其中一些跨度數(shù)萬(wàn)平方英里。最嚴(yán)重的地方之一是密西西比河流入墨西哥灣的地方，這里傾倒著從中西部流失過(guò)來(lái)的肥料。

　　噢，不。有沒(méi)有什么我們可以做的呢?我們可以減少汽車和工廠氮的排放量，并且實(shí)施更好的污水治理方法，種植新的森林和草地來(lái)吸收多余的氮，并使氮遠(yuǎn)離水源。我們還可以開(kāi)發(fā)不以化石燃料燃燒為基礎(chǔ)的替代能源。

　　Notes:

　　(1)deplete [di'pli:t] vt.耗盡，用盡;使衰竭，使空虛

　　The fire had depleted the game in the forest.

　　那場(chǎng)大火使森林里的鳥(niǎo)獸瀕臨絕跡。

　　(2)suffocation [,s f 'kei n] n.窒息;悶死

　　A target that makes her save is immune to suffocation from that elemental for 24 hours.

　　豁免成功的目標(biāo)在24小時(shí)內(nèi)免疫這個(gè)火元素造成的窒息效果。

　　(3)bottom-dwelling 底棲生物

　　marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas.

　　北部海洋中大多數(shù)底棲的似鰻海魚(yú)。

　　(4)drain into 流入，排入，泄入

　　The river drains into the sea.

　　河流向大海。

　　(5)runoff n.徑流;決賽;流走的東西 adj.決勝的

　　So, it is practical to use the sequential clustering and Markov model to forecast the river runoff.

　　這說(shuō)明運(yùn)用馬爾可夫模型進(jìn)行河徑流量的豐枯狀態(tài)預(yù)報(bào)是有效可行的。

　　(6)soak up v.吸收

　　Soak the spilt tea up with a cloth.

　　用塊布把灑了的茶水吸干。

　　以上就是今天的托福閱讀材料，大家可以在練習(xí)托福閱讀材料的同時(shí)，積累一些相關(guān)詞匯及句型，以便考試的時(shí)候更好地把握文意，奪得托福閱讀的高分。