托福口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)典的外來(lái)詞

　　It comes from the Japanese kara ("empty") + ōke, short for ōkesutora ("orchestra").

　　該詞來(lái)源語(yǔ)日語(yǔ)的kara(空的)和ōke(“樂(lè)團(tuán)”的縮寫)，即“空蕩蕩的樂(lè)團(tuán)”。

　　Karaoke became popular in Japan among businessmen in the late 1970s, and gainedwidespread popularity in the U.S. in the late 1980s.

　　上世紀(jì)70年代后期，卡拉OK開始在日本商務(wù)人士當(dāng)中流行起來(lái)，上世紀(jì)80年代后期盛行于美國(guó)。

　　Kowtow 屈從、獻(xiàn)媚

　　Language of Origin: Chinese

　　來(lái)源語(yǔ)：漢語(yǔ)

　　About the Word:

　　It comes from the Chinese kòutóu – kòu ("to knock") plus tóu ("head") – and originallyreferred to kneeling and touching one's head to the ground as a salute or act of worship to arevered authority.

　　該詞來(lái)源語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)里的“叩頭”一詞，即以雙膝跪地、頭觸地的形式對(duì)權(quán)重人士表示尊敬。

　　The noun arrived in English in the early 1800s, and within a few decades had taken on the "fawn" or "suck up" verb meaning we use today.

　　該詞在19世紀(jì)早期被吸納進(jìn)英語(yǔ)詞匯，后來(lái)幾十年間，該詞在英語(yǔ)中的意思逐漸固定為“巴結(jié)、獻(xiàn)媚”。

　　Ketchup 番茄醬

　　Language of Origin: Malay

　　來(lái)源語(yǔ)：馬來(lái)語(yǔ)

　　About the Word:

　　This all-American condiment started out as a spicy, fermented fish sauce in Malaysia.

　　如今已成為美國(guó)標(biāo)志性佐料的番茄醬最開始在馬來(lái)西亞起源時(shí)其實(shí)是一種帶辣味的發(fā)酵魚露。

　　That version, known as kěchap, made its way first to Europe and then to the New World, where tomatoes eventually became the defining ingredient.

　　那種魚露的名字叫kěchap，最先傳到歐洲，然后才到達(dá)美洲新大陸，在那里，kěchap的主料逐漸變成了番茄。

　　Elsewhere, ketchup retains an earlier identity. Traditional English ketchup, for example, is apureed seasoning based on mushrooms, unripe walnuts, or oysters.

　　在其他國(guó)家，番茄醬仍然保留原來(lái)的配料。例如，傳統(tǒng)的英式番茄醬是由蘑菇、尚未成熟的核桃或牡蠣制成的醬料。

　　Hazard 危險(xiǎn)

　　Language of Origin: Arabic

　　來(lái)源語(yǔ)：阿拉伯語(yǔ)

　　About the Word:

　　Hazard dates to the time of the Crusaders and involves a game of chance.

　　Hazard一詞的來(lái)源要追溯到十字軍東征時(shí)期，與投機(jī)游戲有關(guān)。

　　According to the most likely theory, the original hazard ("al-zahr," in Arabic) was a die. Players would roll the dice and bet on the outcome.

　　可能性最高的一種說(shuō)法是，hazard最開始其實(shí)就是個(gè)骰子。玩家通過(guò)擲骰子、猜點(diǎn)數(shù)來(lái)賭輸贏。

　　English got the word from French. In English, hazard eventually came to name anychance, risk, or source of danger.

　　英語(yǔ)中的hazard一詞來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)，指機(jī)遇、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或危險(xiǎn)的源頭。