托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)：如何用細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)展段落

第一個(gè)題我們叫做描述題，要求考生描述其熟悉的一個(gè)人，一個(gè)地方，一個(gè)物體或者一件事情;

第二個(gè)題叫二選一題，要求考生從所給的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面選一個(gè)并給出支撐自己選擇的理由。

兩個(gè)獨(dú)立題都明確表示要學(xué)生在段落里面給出足夠的細(xì)節(jié)和例子來(lái)充實(shí)段子。

但大多數(shù)中國(guó)考生在回答這兩個(gè)題的時(shí)候都會(huì)陷入一個(gè)問(wèn)題，段落過(guò)于空泛，段子明顯不充實(shí)，很多時(shí)候都是在重復(fù)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)一個(gè)解釋，而沒(méi)有讓這個(gè)段落往前發(fā)展下去，導(dǎo)致得分偏低。

今天就跟大家說(shuō)說(shuō)如何用細(xì)節(jié)拓展獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)內(nèi)容。

比如我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例題：

Task 1

Talk about a popular gathering place in your town where people like to go. Describe the place and explain why people enjoy going there. Include specific examples and details in your response. 要求描述一個(gè)人們愛(ài)聚集的一個(gè)地方并解釋原因。

考生拿到這個(gè)題大多會(huì)選擇一個(gè)shopping center，leisure center或者park這種比較適合各個(gè)年齡階層的人去的地方作為topic,下面是某位考生的作答：

In my opinion, people in my town like to go to the central park for two reasons:

To begin with, they can do some exercise there. A lot of people will go to the park to do some sports to keep healthy. Sometimes the whole family will get together in the park to do exercise.

In addition,people could enjoy the beautiful views in the park and they feel relaxed. They can get close to nature and release pressure from work or study.

So that’s why people in my town will go to the park.

我們來(lái)分析這個(gè)段子，開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山給出topic—park, 用兩個(gè)理由支撐—do exercise and enjoy views，但整個(gè)答案欠缺的就是細(xì)節(jié)充實(shí)的問(wèn)題。比如do exercise后面，考生可以直接列出具體細(xì)節(jié)：

People like to play Tai Chi or go jogging in the morning,and the whole family may get together to go for a walk after dinner or play badminton in the park.

直接給出這種細(xì)節(jié)描述exercise讓段子更生動(dòng)，而不是一直重復(fù)people do exercise or do sports.

同樣的，第二層關(guān)于enjoy beautiful views后面也可以增加一些具體的景物描寫(xiě)，trees, flowers, lake, bridge, fountain等。

下面給出一個(gè)對(duì)比的范例：

Well, a gathering place in my town is the central park.

One reason is that the park provides people a place to do some exercise. For example, old people would play Tai Chi in the early morning, students may go jogging around the park, and the whole family could go for a stroll after dinner. By doing some sports, they can keep healthy and energetic.

Plus, people have the chance to get close to nature and escape from the rest of the city like the concrete buildings, loads of schoolwork and huge pressure from work. I mean, they could feel the fresh air blowing their face, the smell of the flowers in the park.

So that’s why citizens like to go to the park.

這樣整個(gè)口語(yǔ)回答會(huì)顯得更充實(shí)，更容易拿到高分。既然充實(shí)段落很重要，下面我們來(lái)介紹幾種常用方法補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)。

拿自己，身邊的人直接舉例子

例題：Task 2

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Students benefit more from classes with a large number of students than they do from smaller classes. Use specific examples and details to support your opinion.

這個(gè)題，其實(shí)就是小班好還是大班好的問(wèn)題。選擇沒(méi)有對(duì)錯(cuò)，只要能充分證明自己的選擇即可。

學(xué)生的回答提綱是： smaller class is better

1)Get more personal attention from professor

2)Concentrate better

對(duì)于第一個(gè)reason，我們可以直接舉一個(gè)身邊的例子加以說(shuō)明。

比如：taking myself as an example, last summer, I took park in a painting training class and there were only five students in the class, so I got more time to interact with the teacher about my weakness in painting.

很多學(xué)生質(zhì)疑說(shuō)這樣的例子有說(shuō)服力嗎。但事實(shí)上獨(dú)立題本來(lái)就是側(cè)重考生的familiar things，所以推薦用身邊的小例子作為支撐。

舉反例，正的不行就說(shuō)反的

同樣上面這個(gè)例題的第二個(gè)理由，是學(xué)生常常會(huì)用到的一個(gè)萬(wàn)能理由，但很多學(xué)生都不知道怎么把它加以擴(kuò)展。

說(shuō)：Students can concentrate better in smaller class because it’s more quiet.

后面的思路就枯竭了，這個(gè)時(shí)候就可以用舉反例的細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)展方法：however, in bigger classes, there are so many people that they may easily talk, laugh, joke around or gossip, which makes noise in the class to distract others.

給出具體的數(shù)據(jù)

這一個(gè)方面一般在我們用到時(shí)間和錢這兩個(gè)萬(wàn)能理由的時(shí)候會(huì)用到。

例：Describe the most efficient type of transportation in your country. Use details and examples to explain your response.

Topic: airplane

Reason 1: fast，save time

Reason 2: no traffic congestion

對(duì)于第一個(gè)reason, 我們可以直接給出數(shù)據(jù)和對(duì)比：

For example,it only takes me 2 hours to fly from one city to another, however, when Ichoose to take train, it may cost me more than 20 hours.充分說(shuō)明taking airplane is more efficient.

例2：You prefer to watch movie in the movie theater or at home.

Topic: at home

Reason 1: save money

Reason 2: have more options when choosing movies

對(duì)于第一個(gè)理由，我們可以用倍數(shù)形式來(lái)顯示在家看電影多省錢：watching movies in the movie theater costs 2 times more than watching same movies at home.

例3：這座建筑很高。

The building is very tall.

擴(kuò)展細(xì)節(jié)：

The building is as tall as 468 meters, ranking first in Asia and third in the world. There are 68 spheres in the building and the three biggest ones are observatories, where tourists can have a birds-eye view of the whole city. It has been the land mark of the city since it was completed.

四、抽象的名詞給出小的并列例子加以具體化

Example 1.那里有很多食物。

There is a lot of traditional Chinese food.

There is a lot of traditional Chinese food like Fried rice with egg, Gong pao Chicken, Ma Po Tofu, Dumplings, Pecking Duck and so on.

Example 2. 那里風(fēng)景優(yōu)美。

It has beautiful scenery there.

It has beautiful scenery there. I can smell the grass and flowers,hear the cries of the birds, and feel the bracing breeze on my face.

Example 3我可以了解一些外國(guó)的好玩的事情

I would be able to know about interesting stuff in the foreign countries.

I would be able to know about interesting stuff including their customs, cultures, and histories.

下面我們?cè)俳Y(jié)合一些學(xué)生的回答，綜合運(yùn)用以上幾個(gè)方法示范，怎么用細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)展口語(yǔ)段落。

例1. describe a person you admire the most. Give specific details and examples.

學(xué)生回答：Well, the person I admire the most is my English teacher Lee, who was teaching me at junior high school. Here is some reasons I’d like to share with you.

For starters, my English teacher Lee is really responsible, he paid a lot of attention on our school work and paper and help us improve.

Plus, he has a sense of humor. He always tell us some stories to make us laugh, so we feel relaxed in his class. All the students like his class.

So, that is why I admire my English teacher most! Thank you.

分析：對(duì)于人物的描述，核心在人物的性格(quality,characteristics, features)的一個(gè)描寫(xiě)，該生描述老師responsible 和 humorous，但是都不充分，我們需要給出具體的表現(xiàn)和例子。

Responsible—for example, he would use his spare time to give us lots of detailed comments on our paper in order to make us improve.

Humorous—he may tell us some funny jokes or stories or even imitate the behaviors of Mr.Bean in the class, thus, we all feel relaxing in the class and can study much better.

例2.Is it beneficial for students to have computers? Use details and examples in your response.

學(xué)生回答：

As far as I am concerned,I think it is good for students to have computers.

The most important reason is that they can improve their study efficiency. They can use computer to search for some useful information to study better.

Another reason is that they can entertain themselves by using computer. Students have huge pressure in study, when they go back home, they could use the computer to release pressure.

分析：對(duì)于提高學(xué)習(xí)效率和娛樂(lè)放松，是我們常用的兩個(gè)理由，但是我們可以用細(xì)節(jié)把這些理由說(shuō)得更清楚。

Search for some useful information using the computer à For example, when they write the paper or do research, they can find some materials or resources online like the data, the examples, the statistical tests and soon.

Entertain themselves and release pressure à for instance,they could watch some movies, listen to music or play games to escape from the loads of problems in study.

例3.Describe a subject which is difficult but also important. Use details and examples in your response.

學(xué)生回答：well, the subject which is difficult but important is Mathematics.

To begin with, it is difficult. I am poor in math; I think I have to spend a lot of time doing the math problems.

However,math is also very important. If I can’t study math well, I will also fail in some other science class like the physics.

分析：這個(gè)回答過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)略，沒(méi)有結(jié)合這個(gè)學(xué)科談具體的細(xì)節(jié)。比如在強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)學(xué)很難，可以給出很多細(xì)節(jié)原因：it needs strong logical ability, I have to recite lots of formulas and theories; it’s too abstract, hard to understand.

例4. Describe an interesting book you have ever read. Give specific reasons and details in your response.

學(xué)生回答：In my opinion,one interesting I have read is a cooking book, which is sent from my friend jerry before I went abroad to study.

To begin with, I can learn how to cook using this book. It teaches me to do some traditional Chinese food and also even some simple foreign food. If I can cook food, I can take care of myself and even invite some classmates and friends to enjoy food cooked by me.

In addition, I could also learn some culture from other countries by knowing their food.

分析：對(duì)于這本書(shū)的描寫(xiě)還是不夠，重點(diǎn)放在功能上，但是也不能忽略對(duì)于這個(gè)物體本身的描述。

比如在描寫(xiě)這本書(shū)能teach me cook.最好可以講講里面的內(nèi)容和特色： it shows me the specific steps while cooking the food, even adds a lot of vivid pictures, which makes it easier to follow while doing it by myself.

此外第二點(diǎn)也是一樣，只是提到learn some foreign culture about the food.

干脆后面再給一個(gè)例子，for instance, When I make the sushi, a type of Japanese food, I learn that people in Japan like to eat some raw food, which is considered to be more nutritious.

以上這些方法，童鞋們都可以牢記在心，然后用近幾年的口語(yǔ)獨(dú)立1，2題，加以練習(xí)。讓自己的口語(yǔ)回答更加充實(shí)，得高分。