人文學(xué)托福聽(tīng)力材料分析

　　人文學(xué)最能體現(xiàn)考生的文化素養(yǎng)，因?yàn)樗膬?nèi)容非常廣泛。廣義上講，文化方面的東西都可以歸到人文學(xué)中。當(dāng)然具體可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)考察：1.歷史，例如歐洲中世紀(jì)的建筑風(fēng)格，某個(gè)國(guó)家的發(fā)展進(jìn)程等等 2.地理環(huán)境和人類(lèi)生活習(xí)性，如易洛魁人對(duì)樺樹(shù)皮的應(yīng)用，航海發(fā)明等等 3.考古學(xué)，例如碳定年法(用碳14的半衰期測(cè)定出土文物的年代)，古文明遺址的探索(結(jié)合古代科技)等等4.其他話(huà)題，人文學(xué)極易和其他學(xué)科產(chǎn)生交叉。

　　那么我們?cè)撊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)人文學(xué)科話(huà)題的托福聽(tīng)力呢?首先考生要對(duì)這些話(huà)題的中心詞熟悉。我們?cè)谧鯰PO時(shí)遇到相關(guān)材料一定要注意人文學(xué)詞匯的積累，做到會(huì)讀和能夠快速反應(yīng)出意思，可以堅(jiān)持每天聽(tīng)一個(gè)人文學(xué)lecture,記筆記找感覺(jué)。

　　下面我們來(lái)看一個(gè)人文學(xué)的經(jīng)典案例：

　　E.G. TPO 7 Part 2-Lecture 1 (Iroquois)

　　聽(tīng)力原文：

　　Pro: So we've been discussing 16th century Native American life, and today we're going to focus on the Iroquois and Huron peoples. They lived in the northeastern great lakes region of North America. Now, back then, their life depended on the natural resources of the forests, especially the birch tree. The birch tree can grow in many different types of soils and is prevalent in that area. Now can anyone here describe a birch tree?

　　分析：

　　80%的段子前三句必出主旨題，此處也不例外，and today we're going to focus on…道出了主旨，當(dāng)然這一句不夠具體;繼續(xù)聽(tīng)下文，第二處劃線(xiàn)部分提到了一種樹(shù)木——birch trees, 這一概念貫穿了全文，段子講的是易洛魁人怎樣在生活中利用B這種樹(shù)(樺樹(shù))。

　　筆記形式：

　　Iro 人→ natrl rsc, esp. B tree依

　　聽(tīng)力原文：

　　Pro: Yes. The birch treehas white bark, and this tough protective outer layer of the tree, this whitebark, is waterproof. And this waterproof quality of the bark, itmade it useful for making things like cooking containers, a variety ofutensils. And if you peel birch bark in the winter, we call it “the winterbark”, another layer, a tougher inner layer of the tree adheres to thebark, producing a stronger material. So the winter bark was used forlarger utensils and containers.

　　Stu: I know peoplemake utensils out of wood, but utensils out of tree bark?

　　Pro: Well, birch bark ispliable and very easy to bend. The Native Americans would cut the barkand fold it into any shape they needed, then secure it with cords untilit dried. They could fold the bark into many shapes.

　　Stu: So if they cooked inbowls made of birch bark, wouldn't that make the food taste funny?

　　Pro: Oh, that's one ofthe great things about birch bark. The taste of the birch tree doesn'tget transferred to the food. So it was perfect for cooking containers.

　　分析：

　　此段文本邏輯非常清晰，記筆記時(shí)完全可以分條記錄。文中劃線(xiàn)部分是比較重要的考點(diǎn)，在此主要是birchtrees的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與特性，而這種結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常會(huì)考察細(xì)節(jié)題，比如雙選。同時(shí)要注意一些連詞的和重要提示詞的用法，比如and表示遞進(jìn)，oneof the great things提示考生要提出另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。還有其他的重要提示詞，比如particularly、inparticular、especially這類(lèi)詞，后面一定會(huì)跟考點(diǎn)。同時(shí)教授會(huì)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生開(kāi)拓思路，有的考點(diǎn)也有可能是學(xué)生說(shuō)出來(lái)的。

　　筆記形式：

　　(注意與剛才記的主旨相比，可首行縮進(jìn)幾個(gè)單位，用以突出主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，使筆記更有條理)

　　1.防水→容qiutnsl

　　2. 內(nèi)層:strg2 →大容qi

　　3. 易bend→≠ shape