學(xué)會(huì)托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話技巧：專注聽(tīng)題 逆向搜索

　　托福聽(tīng)力中，一般有l(wèi)ecture和對(duì)話兩種類型的題目形式，當(dāng)然其中的具體題型還有細(xì)節(jié)題、詞匯題等?，F(xiàn)針對(duì)托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話類的題目做一個(gè)技巧性的介紹，方便大家進(jìn)行全面的托福聽(tīng)力備考。之前已為大家整理提供了托福聽(tīng)力lecture技巧，本次就對(duì)話類題型做一個(gè)詳解。

　　考試當(dāng)天你將會(huì)碰到如下的答題提示：

　　Directions：In Part A， you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation， you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After hear a question， read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then， on your answer sheet， find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

　　1.基本策略

　　你所聽(tīng)到的directions叫你先聽(tīng)問(wèn)題再讀選項(xiàng)然后決定選那個(gè)選項(xiàng)。對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)這沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但大部分人發(fā)現(xiàn)先讀選項(xiàng)對(duì)做題很有用。這一技巧我們稱之為逆向搜索法。下面是逆向搜索法的具體步驟：

　?、俅蜷_(kāi)磁帶聽(tīng)Direction，在這一時(shí)間里，考試中心不讓你看選項(xiàng)。

　?、诋?dāng)Direction叫你turn the page時(shí)，快速看題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。你可能只有1至2秒的時(shí)間，但盡量看那些在4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞，諸如名字，地點(diǎn)等等。這將在你聽(tīng)到這些詞的時(shí)候?qū)δ阌兴鶐椭Ｄ闵踔量赡芡ㄟ^(guò)這些反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞和動(dòng)詞猜出對(duì)話的主題。

　?、郛?dāng)對(duì)話開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，立即停止看題，集中精神聽(tīng)題。

　?、墚?dāng)問(wèn)題問(wèn)完以后，再讀一邊四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選出你的答案。如果你無(wú)法馬上做出答案，盡量排除一些選項(xiàng)，然后從剩下的選項(xiàng)中選一個(gè)。

　?、菘焖僮屑?xì)的涂答題紙。馬上回到第2步，看下一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　逆向搜索法的好處：

　　①你能得到關(guān)于對(duì)話內(nèi)容的線索。

　　②你能運(yùn)用你的閱讀能力和歸納能力來(lái)加強(qiáng)你的聽(tīng)力能力。

　　③當(dāng)你猜到一道題目的主題的時(shí)候，你會(huì)少一些緊張和焦慮，這將幫助你關(guān)注你所需要聽(tīng)到的信息。

　　2.考點(diǎn)

　　在這一部分，你將首先聽(tīng)到兩個(gè)人的對(duì)話，然后是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題通常是關(guān)于第2個(gè)說(shuō)話人的comment的。下面是這一部分?？嫉目键c(diǎn)。有時(shí)一道題中有不止一個(gè)的考點(diǎn)。詞匯純粹的單詞量測(cè)試，但通常不是難詞(大學(xué)四級(jí)或以下單詞)。比如題干中聽(tīng)到形容詞terrific，那么包含terrific的同義詞excellent或者very good的選項(xiàng)就是正確答案。也就是說(shuō)，不僅要認(rèn)識(shí)關(guān)鍵詞也要知道它常用的同義詞。不過(guò)，這種題大多比較容易。因?yàn)檫@些詞匯都很常見(jiàn)。

　　例1：

　　W： Why are you leaving so early? The movie doesn't start till seven.

　　M： I don't want to be at the traffic there. It's a nightmare on the expressway during rush hour.

　　Q： What does the man mean?

　　(A) He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam.

　　(B) He wants to leave the theater before the movie is over.

　　(C) He doesn't know the way to the theater.

　　(D) He doesn't usually get up at 7：00.

　　答案是A.這里整個(gè)對(duì)話都在講時(shí)間問(wèn)題，關(guān)鍵詞是traffic(交通)。其實(shí)，即使你不認(rèn)識(shí)或者不十分確定它的意思，你也可以通過(guò)don't want to和avoid之間的同義轉(zhuǎn)換選出正確的答案。

　　例2：

　　W：If George misses one more meeting we are going to have to find one new committee secretary.

　　M：We'd better give him an ultimatum.

　　Q： What does the man suggest they do?

　　(A) Remove George from the committee immediately.

　　(B) Warn George that his attendance problem is serious.

　　(C) Offer to help George during the meeting.

　　(D) Telephone George to see if he's coming to the meeting.

　　答案是B.

　　如果你認(rèn)識(shí)并聽(tīng)懂ultimatum是“最后通牒”的意思的話，你輕而易舉就能選出它的同義轉(zhuǎn)換warn sb about sth(警告)。而第一句同樣說(shuō)明了George是個(gè)不太稱職的secretary，但卻用are going to將來(lái)時(shí)說(shuō)明并非要remove George form the committee immediately.