1.主句中的省略
(It is a pity)That such a noble man should die! 真可惜那樣高貴的人卻要死!
(How glad I should be)If I could do so.但愿我能如此做。
2.賓語從句中的省略
She will go to Beijing,but I don’t know when (she will go to Beijing).
她要去北京,但我不知何時。
Tom was sad,but I don’t know why (he was sad).湯姆不高興,但我不知原因。
3.狀語從句中的省略
(1)連詞+介詞短語
While (she was)at college,Delia wrote a novel.上大學時,迪莉婭寫了一部小說。
While (he was)in London,he studied the English labour movement.
在倫敦時,他研究英國工人運動。
(2)連詞+形容詞
Whenever (she is)free,she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Though (he was)exhausted,he stayed up late.盡管疲憊不堪,他仍很晚才睡。
I could come earlier,if (it is)necessary.如果有必要我可以早點來。
Trees should be pruned when (it is)necessary.必要的時候,樹木是應(yīng)該修剪的。
if any 即使有 if anything 如果有什么
if anybody 若有人的話 if ever 假如曾經(jīng)
if necessary 如果有必要的話 if not 假如不是這樣的話
if possible 如果可能的話 if so 假如這樣的話
(3)連詞+名詞
As (he was)a young man,Lincoln worked as a storekeeper.
年輕時林肯當過倉庫管理員。
My stepfather treated me as if (he was)my own father.繼父帶我如同親生。
(4)連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
She trembled a little while (she was)doing so.她這樣做時稍稍顫抖了一下。
When (you are)cycling,don’t forget the traffic lights.騎車時,不要忘記看紅綠燈。
(5)連詞+過去分詞
When (she was)asked,she confirmed that she was going to retire.
有人問她時,她肯定了她將要退休。
When (it is)taken according to the instructions,the drug has no side effects.
若按說明服用,本藥無任何副作用。
(6)連詞+不定式
He opened his lips as if (he was)to speak.他張開嘴似乎要說話。
He wouldn’t solve the problem even if (he was)to take charge.
即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。
【提示】
(1)只有狀語從句和主句中的主語一致,從句中才可以用省略形式。
When (you are)crossing the street,you should be careful.
過馬路時你應(yīng)該當心。(省略“主語+助動詞”)
Unless (I am)invited,I won’t go to the evening party.
除非受到邀請,否則我不會出席晚會。(省略“主語+助動詞”)
While (I was)in America,I learned a lot about American customs.
在美國時我了解了許多美國的風俗習慣。(省略“主語+be”)
(2)as,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝語序中,如果名詞提前要省略冠詞。
Child as/though he is,he knows much about the society.
盡管是個孩子,他非常了解社會。