[高中]全新語法:關(guān)系詞的用法 三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句式

（1）when 分解為in/at/on which。

I still remember the day on which I first met Jennifer.

我仍然記得第一次見到詹妮弗的那一天。（when=on which）

It was a time at which the Chinese struggled for freedom.

那是一段中國人為自由而斗爭的日子。（when=at which）

Next month in which you’ll spend your holidays in your hometown，is coming.

下個(gè)月即將來臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度假。（when=in which）

（2）where 分解為in/on/at which。

She is going to settle in Macao in which she has some close friends.

她要到澳門去定居，在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。（where=in which）

This is the office at/in which I used to work.

這就是我過去工作過的辦公室。（where=at/in which）

There is a wall on which hangs a picture.

有一面墻，墻上有一幅畫。（where=on which）

（3）why 分解為for which。

I don’t know the reason for which he came so late.

我不知道他來得那么晚的原因。（why=for which）

I’d like you to explain the reason for which you were absent.

我想讓你解釋一下你沒來的原因。（why=for which）

（4）way作先行詞，意為“方式”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是“that/in which或省略”。

This is the way （that）my father did this work.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。

She admired the way （in which）I answered the questions.她欽佩我回答問題的方式。

I don’t like the way he looked at me.我不喜歡他看我的樣子。（省略關(guān)系詞）

（5）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”其他句式

Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat？

你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰買的嗎？

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.殺死羊的那只狼被打死了。

【提示】 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞后只能用“which/whom”。

2.“表示部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞”句式

（1）不定代詞+of whom/which

China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.

中國有許多島嶼，其中之一是臺(tái)灣島。

There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.

這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無人喜歡這部電影。

My favorite writer is Mo Yan，some of whose novels have a surprising ending.

我最喜歡的作家是莫言，他的一些小說結(jié)尾出奇。

Mary has three brothers，all of whom are doctors.瑪麗有三個(gè)哥哥，全是醫(yī)生。

（2）基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of whom/which

He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三個(gè)兒子，其中兩個(gè)當(dāng)教師。

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% of which are sold abroad.這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬雙鞋子，其中80%銷往國外。

（3）名詞+of whom/which

He mentioned a book，the title of which I’ve forgotten.他提到一本書，書名我忘了。

Yesterday Mr Li finally bought his own house，to the east of which is a hospital.

昨天李先生最終買了房子，房子的東邊是一家醫(yī)院。

（4）the+最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)+of whom/which

There are two buildings，the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.

有兩座大樓，大的那座差不多有一百英尺高。

There are three girls in the room，the tallest of whom is Tom’s sister.

房間里有三個(gè)姑娘，最高的那個(gè)是湯姆的妹妹。

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句式中介詞的確定

（1）根據(jù)定語從句中的動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.

這不是老師在班上談?wù)摰哪潜緯?。（根?jù)speak of 確定介詞of）

The two things of which they felt proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

令他們自豪的兩件物品是吉姆的金表和黛拉的頭發(fā)。（根據(jù)feel proud of 確定介詞of）

（2）根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。

I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him.

我永遠(yuǎn)記得第一次遇見他的那一天。（根據(jù)day“在某一天”確定介詞on）

The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.

孩子指著他要跑去的方向。（根據(jù)direction“朝……方向”確定介詞in）

（3）根據(jù)句意表達(dá)的關(guān)系選擇。

This is the book from which I got the story.

這就是那本書，從中我讀到這個(gè)故事。（根據(jù)句意“從……”確定介詞 from）

This I did at nine o’clock，after which I sat reading the paper.

九點(diǎn)鐘我做這事，之后坐著看報(bào)。（根據(jù)句意“在……之后”確定介詞 after）

Oxygen without which we cannot live is a colourless gas.

氧氣，一種無色的氣體，離了它我們不能活。（根據(jù)句意“若沒有氧氣”確定介詞without）