[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:關(guān)系詞的用法 一、關(guān)系代詞的用法

一、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.who

（1）作主語(yǔ)

He is the man who wants to see you.他就是想要見你的那個(gè)人。

Success will come to him who is honest and diligent.成功將歸于誠(chéng)實(shí)而勤奮的人。

（2）作賓語(yǔ)

This is the boy （who）he met yesterday.這個(gè)男孩就是他昨天遇見的那個(gè)。

In Berlin，he first met the woman （who）he married later.

在柏林，他第一次遇見后來和他結(jié)婚的那個(gè)女人。

She is the girl who I went there with.她就是和我一起去那兒的女孩。

【提示】 在非正式文體中who可以代替whom；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可以省略。

2.whom

（1）作及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday.

他就是我昨天在公園里見到的那個(gè)人。

The author （whom）you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply.

你在評(píng)論中批評(píng)的那個(gè)作者寫了一封回信。

（2）作介詞賓語(yǔ)

The person to whom I complained is the manager.我向經(jīng)理投訴。

This is the boy with whom he worked.這就是和他一起工作的男孩。

【提示】 whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但在介詞后不能省略，也不能用who。

3.whose

（1）作定語(yǔ)

The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr Williams.

他女兒教你英語(yǔ)的那位教授是威廉斯博士。

They rushed over to help the man whose leg was broken.

那人的腿斷了，他們跑過去幫忙。

（2）指人時(shí)可以同of whom互換，若指物時(shí)可以同of which 互換。

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。

Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.

They ran to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，他們跑去幫忙。

They ran to help the man of whom the car had broken down.

【比較】 我買了一本書，作者是位著名的科學(xué)家。

①I bought a book whose author was a famous scientist.

②I bought a book of which the author was a famous scientist.

③I bought a book the author of which was a famous scientist.

4.which

（1）作主語(yǔ)

The factory which produces cars is over there.生產(chǎn)汽車的那家工廠就在那邊。

They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.

他們需要一種不像水稻那么需要水的作物。

（2）作賓語(yǔ)

The fish （which）they sell are not fresh.他們賣的魚不新鮮。

The farm （which）we visited yesterday is located in the suburb.

我們昨天參觀的農(nóng)場(chǎng)位于郊區(qū)。

【提示】 which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

（3）which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以修飾它前面的整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this。

Jim passed his driving test，which surprised everybody.

吉姆通過了駕駛考試，這使大家都感到驚訝。

Sheila couldn’t come to the party，which was a pity.希拉不能來參加聚會(huì)，真遺憾。

They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honour to them.

他們被請(qǐng)去赴國(guó)宴，這對(duì)他們來說是極大光榮。

5.that

（1）作主語(yǔ)，可指人指物。

It’s a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要仔細(xì)考慮的問題。（指物）

Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree？

樹下在看雜志的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？（指人）

（2）作賓語(yǔ)，可指人指物。

The girl （that）we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.

我們昨天看到的那個(gè)女孩是湯姆的妹妹。（指人）

The pieces of music （that）he wrote are symphonies.

他寫的那些樂譜都是交響樂曲。（指物）

【提示】 that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

6.as

（1）用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as 多和such/the same連用。

Such people as were recommended by him were professors of the university.

他推薦的這些人都是大學(xué)的教授。

He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.

他給我講了他的經(jīng)歷，我從來沒有過的經(jīng)歷。

I should like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和這里用的一樣的工具。

（2）用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，修飾整個(gè)主句。

As we all know，the earth is round.眾所周知，地球是圓的。