1.及物動詞賓語
(1)動名詞只能作“動名詞作賓語的特定及物動詞”的賓語。
I enjoy singing English songs.我喜歡唱英語歌曲。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.我提議結(jié)束會議。
(2)不定式只能作“不定式作賓語的特定及物動詞”的賓語。
We all hope to go to college.我們都希望能上大學。
Einstein once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute.
一次愛因斯坦拒絕了每分鐘一千美元的電臺演講。
(3)有些及物動詞后不定式和動名詞作賓語意義相同。
He doesn’t like being laughed at.他不喜歡被人嘲笑。
I like to sing and dance.我喜歡唱歌跳舞。
(4)有些及物動詞后不定式和動名詞作賓語意義不同。
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.我沒有打算傷害你的感情。
Learning well English does not mean just working hard in a class.
學好英語并不意味著只在課堂上努力學習。
2.介詞賓語
(1)動名詞可作介詞賓語。
I’m thinking of going to Hangzhou.我在考慮到杭州去一趟。
I’m all for going by bus.我完全贊成坐公共汽車去。
(2)不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,只有少數(shù)介詞but,except等后面才行。
In winter a cold blooded creature has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
冬季冷血動物別無選擇只有冬眠。(to lie down and sleep作but的賓語)
Yesterday afternoon he did nothing but lie in bed sleeping.
昨天下午他無事可做只有躺下睡覺。(lie in bed是省略to的不定式作but的賓語)
【提示】 but 前有某種形式的do時,要省略to 3.只用不定式的情況
(1)當 like,love,hate,prefer 與 would,should 連用時,其后只能接不定式。
I’d like to tell you something.我想告訴你一些情況。
I’d love to have a room of my own.我喜歡有一個自己的房間。
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone.我不喜歡一個人過圣誕節(jié)。
I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.我愿8月去,不愿7月去。
(2)當 begin,start 本身為進行時態(tài)或后接 know,realize,understand等表示心理活動的動詞時,其后的動詞只能用不定式。
He was beginning to recover when he had another attack.
他正在開始恢復(fù)時,突然又發(fā)病了。
He started to realize that he was wrong.他開始意識到自己錯了。