[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 三、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

三、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

1.不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

【辨析】那場(chǎng)大火之后，什么也沒(méi)留下來(lái)了。

【正】After the fire，nothing remained.

【誤】After the fire，nothing was remained.

2.不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

break out 爆發(fā)　　　belong to 屬于　　　break in 闖入　　　catch on 理解

come about 發(fā)生　　 get round 傳開(kāi)　　　get up 起床　　　　go out 熄滅

hold on 繼續(xù)　　　　look on 旁觀　　　　settle down 定居　 show up 出現(xiàn)

suffer from 遭受　　stand out 突出　　　take place 發(fā)生　　turn up 出現(xiàn)

【辨析】自1990年以來(lái)這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

【正】Great changes have taken place here since 1990.

【誤】Great changes have been taken place here since 1990.

3.某些及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

cost enter suit have wish lack jump mind

【辨析】這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。

【正】The piano cost her 6000 dollars.

【誤】She was cost 6000 dollars.

【高考演練】

1.【全國(guó)大綱卷】Unless some extra money________，the theatre will close.

A.was found B.finds C.is found D.found

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：除非找到一些額外的錢，否則劇院將會(huì)倒閉。根據(jù)主句的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可知，狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因?yàn)閒ind和money 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。

2.【天津】We won’t start the work until all the preparations________.

A.are being madeB.will be made

C.have been madeD.had been made

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做好了，我們才開(kāi)始工作。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞won’t start （不會(huì)開(kāi)始）是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，可知until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如無(wú)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作的完成性。故選C。

3.【重慶】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area________.We must act immediately before there’s none left.

A.have run outB.are running out

C.have been run outD.are being run out

【答案】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動(dòng)。run out是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C、D；由第二句中的before there’s none left 可知，run out是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)。have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的完成；are running out是進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表將來(lái)，故選B。

4.【安徽】After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it________.

A.was decoratedB.had decorated

C.had been decoratingD.was being decorated

【答案】D 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：放學(xué)后我們?nèi)ラ営[室讀書，結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞went 可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而裝修正在進(jìn)行，故需要使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；it指代the reading-room，與動(dòng)詞decorate是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D。

5.【湖南】Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now________later in life.

A.will be repaidB.was being repaid

C.has been repaidD.was repaid

【答案】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在做的艱苦的工作會(huì)在以后的生活中得到回報(bào)。由句意可知應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，且艱苦的工作應(yīng)該是被回報(bào)，故用動(dòng)詞的一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選A。

6.【四川】All visitors to this village________with kindness.

A.treat B.are treated C.are treating D.had been treated

【答案】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：所有到這個(gè)村莊的游客都受到了善意的款待。游客與treat 之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。

7.【安徽】— What do you think of store shopping in the future？

— Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but________.

A.will never replaceB.would never replace

C.will never be replacedD.would never be replaced

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：“你認(rèn)為未來(lái)的商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物會(huì)如何？”“依我看，商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物會(huì)和家庭購(gòu)物并存，但是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被代替。”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，but后應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)；句中主語(yǔ)it指store shopping，but后應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。

8.【北京】Experiments of this kind________in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.

A.have conductedB.have been conducted

C.had conductedD.had been conducted

【答案】D 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：二戰(zhàn)前在美國(guó)和歐洲都進(jìn)行過(guò)該類實(shí)驗(yàn)。conduct 在the Second World War之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，又因experiments 與conduct 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，故句子謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。

9.【北京】Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ________into at least ten different films over the past years.

A.had been madeB.was made

C.has been madeD.would be made

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去的幾年中，莎士比亞的《哈姆雷特》已經(jīng)被制作成至少十部不同的電影。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past years，這種時(shí)間狀態(tài)，通常都是跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的。故選C。

10.【北京】— So what is the procedure？

— All the applicants________before a final decision is made by the authority.

A.interviewB.are interviewing

C.are interviewedD.are being interviewed

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從語(yǔ)態(tài)看，申請(qǐng)者是被面試，排除選項(xiàng)A，B；從時(shí)態(tài)看，既然是程序，那就應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)，排除選項(xiàng)D。故選C。

11.【福建】The famous musician，as well as his students，________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

A.were invitedB.was invited

C.have been invitedD.has been invited

【答案】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有介詞或介詞詞組作附屬修飾語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式，排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，沒(méi)必要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除D。故選B。

12.【湖南】If nothing________，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

A.doesB.had been done

C.will doD.is done

【答案】D 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。解題思路：根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，排除B、C；nothing 做主語(yǔ)，和do構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，排除A。故選D。

13.【遼寧】We are confident that the environment________by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

A.had been improvedB.will be improved

C.is improvedD.was improved

【答案】B 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。A是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，B是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，C是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，D是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)已知時(shí)態(tài)we are confident，可以先排除A，D。再根據(jù)our further efforts，可確知講將來(lái)的事情。所以用將來(lái)時(shí)。故選B。

14.【上海】The school board is made up of parents who________to make decisions about school affairs.

A.had been electedB.had elected

C.have been electedD.have elected

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)校的董事會(huì)是由那些被推選出來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)決定學(xué)校事務(wù)的家長(zhǎng)組成的。父母是被選上，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)B，D。再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息is made up of用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可知選舉一事對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。

15.【重慶】A Midsummer Night’s Dream ________at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland.

A.opens B.is opened C.will open D.will be opened

【答案】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示按照計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，排除選項(xiàng)C，D；open 做公開(kāi)演出講時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)B。故選A。

16.【上海】In recent years many football clubs________as business to make a profit.

A.have runB.have been run

C.had been runD.will run

【答案】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：最近一些年很多的足球俱樂(lè)部都是通過(guò)商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的方式來(lái)獲利。信息詞in recent years 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，作為club和run的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的。故選B。

17.【全國(guó)Ⅰ】The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front________to arrive.

A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected

【答案】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)冷鋒到來(lái)時(shí)，潮濕的天氣會(huì)持續(xù)到明天。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，并且a cold front與expect 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選A。

18.【北京】No decision________about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.

A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made

【答案】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：直到對(duì)所有候選人進(jìn)行面試之后才能就將來(lái)的任命做出決定。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示的概念是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，因此主句要用將來(lái)時(shí)。故選A。

19.【湖南】— Do you have any problems if you________this job？

— Well，I’m thinking about the salary ...

A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered

【答案】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因此排除B、D項(xiàng)，又因?yàn)閥ou與offer 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即用are offered。故選C。

20.【陜西】Though we don’t know what was discussed，yet we can find the topic________.

A.had changed B.will change C.was changed D.has been changed

【答案】D 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：盡管我們不知道討論了什么，但我們感覺(jué)到話題已經(jīng)被改變了。故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作what was discussed 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果—the topic has been changed。故選D。

21.【安徽】I like these English songs and they________many times on the radio.

A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught

【答案】D 考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：我喜歡這些英語(yǔ)歌曲而它們已在電臺(tái)里被教過(guò)很多遍了。本題選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。故選D。