一、按詞匯功能分類
1.不及物動詞
ache 疼痛 apologize 道歉 appear 出現(xiàn) arrive 到達(dá) come 來
cough 咳嗽 cry 哭 dance 跳舞 die 死 disappear 消失
exist 存在 fall 掉 flow 流淌 go 去 happen 發(fā)生
lie 躺 listen 聽 rise 升起 run 跑 stay 呆、留
sit 坐 stand 站 succeed 成功 swim 游泳
2.及物動詞
accept 接受 borrow 借 bury 埋 cover 覆蓋
defeat 挫敗 discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) enjoy 喜歡 excite 使激動
forget 忘記 guess 猜測 interest 使感興趣 love 熱愛
please 使高興 put 放 raise 提高 surprise 使涼訝
3.雙賓語動詞
（1）及物動詞+sth.to sb.
allow 允許 award 授予 bring 帶給 hand 交給 lend 借給
mail 郵寄 offer 提供 owe 欠 pass 傳遞 pay 付給
post 郵遞 read 讀給 return 歸還 send 寄給 sell 賣給
serve 招待 show 展示 take 拿給 teach 教導(dǎo) tell 告訴
throw 扔 write 寫
He gave me a picture-book as a present.他給我一本圖畫書做禮物。
He gave a picture-book to me as a present.
I returned him the storybook.我把故事書還給他了。
I returned the storybook to him.
（2）及物動詞+sth.for sb.
book 預(yù)定 buy 買 choose 選擇 cook 做飯 draw 畫 fetch 去取
find 找到 fix 安裝 get 得到 make 制作 order 訂購 pick 選擇
prepare 準(zhǔn)備 save 節(jié)省 sing 唱歌 steal 偷
He bought me a picture-book as a present.他給我買了一本圖畫書做禮物。
He bought a picture-book for me as a present.
I’ve ordered you an air ticket.我已為你預(yù)訂了一張機(jī)票。
I’ve ordered an air ticket for you.
【提示】
只能用“動詞+直賓+to+間賓”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞：explain，announce，report，suggest。
The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老師給我講解了語法難點(diǎn)。
He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算離開。
I reported the theft to the police.我向警方報告了這起盜竊案。
He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那個計劃。
4.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞
（1）及物動詞+賓語+形容詞
believe 相信 consider 認(rèn)為 cut 切 dye 染 declare 宣布
drive 驅(qū)使 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) force 強(qiáng)迫 imagine 想象 judge 判斷
keep 使保持 leave 留下 make 使 push 推 paint 漆 set 使
You drive me mad when you say that.你講這話真叫我惱火。
They judged her stupid.他們認(rèn)為她很蠢。
Please set the bird free.請把鳥放掉吧。
Mr Tomthon declared his story false.湯姆遜先生說他講的事是假的。
（2）及物動詞+賓語+名詞
call 叫 choose 選擇 consider 認(rèn)為 elect 選舉 find 找到
keep 使 make 使變?yōu)椤 ame 命名 wish 祝愿
We consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個奇特的人。
We find him an honest man.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個誠實的人。
We elected him chairman of the club.我們選他任俱樂部主席。
【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的職務(wù)的名詞，作賓補(bǔ)時前面不加冠詞。
（3）及物動詞+賓語+to do
advise 建議 allow 允許 ask 要求 beg 請求 encourage 鼓勵
expect 期望 get 使 invite 邀請 order 命令 teach 教
tell 告訴 warn 警告 want 想要 wish 希望
Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.
媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要慎重。
I persuaded him to accept the plan.我說服他接受這個計劃。
（4）及物動詞+賓語+do
look at 看 notice 注意 observe 觀察 see 看見 watch 注意看 listen to 聽
hear 聽見 feel 感覺 have 使 let 讓 make 使
The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起來。
I have never observed him act like that.我從來沒見過他如此表現(xiàn)。
We felt the house shake just now.我們剛才感覺房子晃了一下。
Did you notice anyone take the book away？ 你看到誰把那本書拿走了嗎？
（5）及物動詞+賓語+to be
believe 相信 consider 認(rèn)為 declare 宣布 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) imagine 相信 judge 判斷
prove 證明 report 報道 think 認(rèn)為 deny 否認(rèn) discover 發(fā)覺 feel 感覺
guess 猜測 know 知道 suppose 架設(shè) understand 理解
They all believe the story to be true.他們都相信這篇報道是真實的。
He declared the story to be false.他斷言這篇報道是假的。
Imagine yourself to be in his place.設(shè)想你自己處于他的地位，那又會怎么樣呢？
We judged the distance to be about four miles.我們估計距離大約是 4 英里。
（6）及物動詞+賓語+doing
bring 引起 catch 碰上 discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) feel 感覺 find 發(fā)覺
get 使（動起來） have 讓（一直） hear 聽見 keep 使（一直） leave 聽任
notice 注意到 observe 觀察 see 看見 send 使（突然） set 使（引起）
start 使（引起） watch 觀察
Her cries brought the neighbours running.她的哭喊聲引得鄰居們都跑來了。
The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的時候被老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
I discovered him living next to me.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他就住在我的隔壁。
He felt himself getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年輕了。
His words got us thinking.他的話使我們思索起來。
His behaviour set people talking.他的行動引起了人們的議論。
The victory sent our spirits rising.勝利使得我們非常高興。
He left me waiting outside in the rain.他讓我站在雨里等候。
His criticism started me thinking seriously.他的批評引起我認(rèn)真思考。
（7）及物動詞+賓語+done
find 發(fā)現(xiàn) feel 感覺 get 使 have 使 hear 聽見 make 使
see 看見 think 認(rèn)為 watch 注意看
I couldn’t make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有聽眾都能聽見我。
He found himself surrounded by a group of children.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子包圍了。
（8）及物動詞+賓語+副詞
ask 叫、讓 drive 驅(qū)使 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) get 使 invite 邀請
let 讓 see 看見 shut 關(guān)閉 show 領(lǐng)
Can I ask Bob in？ 我可以讓鮑勃進(jìn)來嗎？
Show the visitor in，please.請把客人帶進(jìn)來。
They fought bravely to drive the enemy out.他們勇敢地戰(zhàn)斗把敵人趕出去。
（9）及物動詞+賓語+介詞短語
discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) feel 感覺 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) get 使 have 使 hear 聽見
keep 保持 make 使 notice 注意到 see 看見
Don’t have children at home all day.Give them time to play outdoors.
不要讓孩子老呆在家里。給他們外出玩耍的時間。
She discovered the cat under the table.她發(fā)現(xiàn)那只貓在桌子下。
Keep these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.
把所有的書放在書架上，用時隨時拿。
5.常用被動句式的實義動詞
be accustomed to 使習(xí)慣于 be adapted to 適應(yīng)于
be addicted in 沉溺于 be applied to 應(yīng)用于
be devoted to 致力于 be dressed in 穿著
be engaged in 從事于 be engaged to 同……訂婚
be hidden in/among 藏身于 be lost in 入迷
be occupied with 從事 be prepared for 準(zhǔn)備
be seated in （on）就座 be stationed round 駐扎在……周圍
He was hidden among the trees.他躲藏在樹林里。
Powerful troops were stationed round the capital.首都周圍駐扎著強(qiáng)大的部隊。
