高中英語語法之名詞（含鞏固練習(xí)）

我們都知道，英語語法是英語體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語語法而成，其中高考時英語語法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高中英語語法之名詞（含鞏固練習(xí)）的資料，內(nèi)容比較適合用來日常練習(xí)，希望對你有所幫助!

一.概念

名詞是表示人,事物,地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱的詞,有專有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞之分.

二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講

1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps 濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 y 為i再加es /z/ baby---babies 2.其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1) y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

two Marys　　　　 the Henrys

monkey---monkeys　 holiday---holidays

2) 以o

a. 加s，如： photo---photos　　 piano---pianos

radio---radios　　 zoo---zoos;

b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes　 tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。

3) 以f或fe

a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　 roof---roofs

safe---safes　 gulf---gulfs;

b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives　leaf---leaves　 wolf---wolves

wife---wives　 life---lives　 thief---thieves;

c. a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

1) child---children　 foot---feet　 tooth---teeth

mouse---mice　　　 man---men　 woman---women

man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。

2) deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

people　police　cattle a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss The Chinese are industries and brave.　中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

4) s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。

b. news

c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。

d.

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

5) glasses (眼鏡)　trousers,　clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對，雙);　suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) goods貨物，waters水域，fishes(各種)魚。

4. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示

1)物質(zhì)名詞

a.

比較：Cake is a kind of food.　蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù))

These cakes are sweet.　這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數(shù))

b.

This factory produces steel.　(不可數(shù))

We need various steels.　(可數(shù))

c.

Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。

Two teas, please. 請來兩杯茶。

2)

four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個現(xiàn)代化

a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice　一則建議。

5.

名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。

用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：

sports meeting 運(yùn)動會 students reading-room

talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系

2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：

men workers　　women teachers　　gentlemen officials

3) s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如：

goods train (貨車) arms produce　武器生產(chǎn)

customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷

4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：

two-dozen eggs　兩打雞蛋　 a ten-mile walk 十英里路

two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.　一個五年計劃

國籍 總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù)) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 中國人 the Chinese a Chinese　 two Chinese the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亞人 the Australians　 an Australian two Australians the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希臘人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法國人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美國人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德國人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英國人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 7. 名詞的格

"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：

1) "'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包，men's room

2) -s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle　工人的斗爭。

3) "'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song

4) the barber's 理發(fā)店。

5) 's，則表示"分別有";只有一個's，則表示'共有'。例如：

John's and Mary's rooms(兩間)　　John and Mary's room(一間)

6) 's 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：a month or two's absence

1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______.

a. little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages

2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.

a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes

3.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.

a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation

4.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil

5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many

6.The large houses are being painted, but ______.

a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense

7.The room was small and contained far too ______.

a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures

b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures

8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

a. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers

9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.

a great many…many c. much…a great deal

b.great deal of…much d. many…a great many

10.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.

a. how many information c. how many informations

b. the number of information d. how much information

11.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm

b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm

12.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

a. women doctors c. woman doctors

b. women doctor d. woman doctor

13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

a. growns-ups c. growns-up

b. grown-up d. grown-ups

14.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.

a. stander-by c. standers-by

b. stander-bys d. standers-bys

15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war

b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war

16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.

a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels

17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.

a. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress

18.All the people at the conference are ______.

a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher

b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers

19.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.

a. some property c. properties

b. some properties d. property

20.Physics _____ with matter and motion.

a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are