高中英語語法之動詞不定式（含鞏固練習(xí)）

我們都知道，英語語法是英語體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語語法而成，其中高考時英語語法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高中英語語法之動詞不定式（含鞏固練習(xí)）的資料，內(nèi)容比較適合用來日常練習(xí)，希望對你有所幫助!

一.相關(guān)知識點精講:

1. 不定式作補語

有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

advise allow cause challenge command compel drive enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如;

Father will not allow us to play on the street.　 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。

The officer ordered his men to fire. 長官命令士兵開火。

make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做賓補，也可用分詞作賓補?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動，也表達(dá)正在進行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動。

2) +賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式的動詞往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：

consider find believe think declare(聲稱) appoint guess fancy(設(shè)想) guess judge imagine know

We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。

We know him to be a fool. 我們知道他是個笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)

Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.

A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented

C. 一般沒有consider+賓語+be以外不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，也沒有consider+賓語+doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除A、B、D。consider用動詞be以外的不定式作賓補時，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故選C。

3) there +to be的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand

We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒料到會有那么多人在那里。

You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 不定式作主語

it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。

例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

It's very kind of you to help us.　他幫助我們，他真好。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。

It is… to…的句型。另外，這樣的句子，不能用動名詞作表語。

It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

for或of的區(qū)別。

1)for sb. easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。

2)of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：

It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。

for還是用of 的另一種辨別方法：

for或of后面的邏輯主語作句子的主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果通順用of，不通則用for。例如：

You are nice.　(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。

He is hard.　 (非所表達(dá)的意思，不通，因此用for。) 不定式作表語

be動詞后面，形成表語。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。

His dream is to be a doctor. 他的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。 不定式作定語

I have a lot of work to do.　我有許多事要做。

There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家時)兩手空空。

不定式作狀語

1)目的狀語

to do , only to do(僅僅為了), in order to do,　so as to do,　so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如：

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。

I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我來僅僅是向你告別。

2)作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。

I awoke to find my truck gone.

He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。

3)

I'm glad to see you. 見到你很高興。

She wept to see the sight. 她一看到這情形就哭了。

4)表示理由和條件

He must be a fool to say so.

You will do well to speak more carefully.

7.用作介詞的to

to to 都用作介詞：

admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to開始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to 省去to

1) 情態(tài)動詞 ( ought 外) 后。

2) let, have, make后，感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。

to。例如：

I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。

=They were made to work the whole night.

3) would rather，had better句型后

4) Why… / why no…句型后

5) help to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth：

6) but和except后。but前是實義動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。

He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥，他什么都信。

7) 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：

8) discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補時，可以省去to be。例如：

He is supposed (to be) nice.　他應(yīng)該是個好人。

在不定式標(biāo)志to前加上not。例如：

Tell him not to shut the window。讓他別關(guān)窗。

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。

too…to…

1)too…to

He is too excited to speak. 他太激動了，說不出話來。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.

2) too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too 后那個詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。例如：

It's never too late to mend.　 改過不嫌晚。(諺語)

3) 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時，意思是：非常… 等于very。例如：

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能幫助你我非常高興。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

so as to

1) so as not to do。例如：

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。

2)　表示結(jié)果。例如：

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了。Why not

"Why not +動詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?"。例如：

Why not take a holiday? 干嗎不去度假?

1)

He seems to know this. 他似乎知道這事。

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見到你。

2)

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，給你添了那么多的麻煩。

He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已經(jīng)得了感冒。

3)

He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么東西。

4)

She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我們知道她研究這問題有好幾年了。