非限定性定語從句你了解多少?who/whom/whose/which/when/as分別引導的非限制性定語從句有什么區(qū)別

非限定性定語從句你了解多少?who/whom/whose/which/when/as分別引導的非限制性定語從句有什么區(qū)別?

 

who引導的非限制性定語從句

Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.

我們的向?qū)?，一個法裔加拿大人，擅長于烹調(diào)。

My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.

我家的園丁非常悲觀，他說今年將不結(jié)蘋果。

Her mother, who was once a teacher, died last year.

她的母親，曾經(jīng)是一名老師，去年去世了。

whom引導的非限制性定語從句。

關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人，在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語，作介詞賓語時，介詞可位于句末。

如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見過他。

Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.

史密斯先生是一位著名的科學家，我從他那兒學了許多東西。

whose引導的非限制性定語從句。

whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語。whose通常指人，也可指動物或無生命的事物。

如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.

那位小男孩學習很努力，他的父親是位工程師。

Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。

The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.

這劇本是那個時期的典型作品，風格拘謹刻板。

which引導的非限制性定語從句。

關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。

① which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。

如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.

這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結(jié)過果實。

She is an artist，which I am not.

她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.

水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。

The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.

那兩個警察完全受到信任，事實上，也真是如此。

② which指代主句中的形容詞。

如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.

她對孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。

She is always careless，which we should not be.

她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應該這樣。

③ which指代主句中的某個從句。

如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.

他說以前從沒見過她，這不是真的。

④ which指代整個主句。

如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

在那么多人面前他有點緊張，這是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.

他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動手術(shù)。

When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

他經(jīng)常聚精會神地工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。

when引導的非限制性定語從句。

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，指代主句中表示時間的詞語。

如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.

他將把郊游推遲到5月1號，那時他將有空。

where引導的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系。

副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，指代主句中表示地點的詞語。

如：They went to London，where they lived for six months.

他們?nèi)チ藗惗兀谀莾捍袅肆鶄€月的時間。

as引導的非限制性定語從句。

as引出非限定性定語從句時，代替整個主句，對其進行說明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。

如：As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

美國人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。（as在從句中作主語）

He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.

他忘了帶筆，這是常事。（as在從句中作主語）

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

他正在全神貫注地工作，他過去經(jīng)常這樣。（as在從句中作表語）

As we all know, the earth is round.

眾所周知，地球是圓的。（as在從句中作賓語）

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.

兩兄弟對此決定都滿意，這項決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語)

Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.

你知道，臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語)

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句在介詞后引導非限制性定語從句。

難：句意相同

as it is known to all (that...) (as 做狀語從句連詞，是狀語從句, 可以加that)

與 as is known to all (as做主語，是定語從句)

與 it is known to all that... (主語從句，it是形式主語)

既：As is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定從)= Thatthe moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主從)= it is widely known thatthe moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主從)

As it is known to everyone, I thought you knew about it too.(狀從)

關(guān)系代詞which有時并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。

They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved.

他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒有它們產(chǎn)量會減少一半。

They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.

他們很感激Tom，沒有他的支持他們是不會成功的。

“名詞/代詞+of+which/whom”

It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.

現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬公頃土地，其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.

光是世界上最快的東西，它的速度是每秒30萬千米。

There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.

大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。

The textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women.

這家紡織廠有8千多職工，女職工占百分之八十。

as,which非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?/p>

典型例題

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he

答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it

答案B. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

(1)as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。