虛擬語氣的用法

　　虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達說話人的愿望、請求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。虛擬語氣在各種結(jié)構(gòu)中的運用是歷年三級統(tǒng)考必考的內(nèi)容，考生必須熟練掌握。以下從五個方面介紹。

　　一、虛擬條件句中虛擬語氣的運用：

　　虛擬條件句從時間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與過去事實相反，與將來事實可能相反三種情況。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would (或could ,should ,might)加原形動詞。與過去事實相反的，if從句用過去完成時，主句用would(或could ,should ,might)+have done結(jié)構(gòu)。與將來事實可能相反的，if 從句用should (或were to )加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。

　　1、If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.

　　A. had been used

　　B. had been using

　　C. being used

　　D. using

　　(根據(jù)前面的講解，正確答案為A。) (1992年58題)

　　2、Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.

　　A. had gone

　　B. could have gone

　　C. would go

　　D. went

　　(答案：B。與過去的事實相反。當if從句中含有were, had, should這三個詞時，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。)(2001年57題)

　　二、某些動詞后的賓語從句以及某些名詞后的表語或同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運用，這些動詞或名詞包括：

　　suggest (suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice)demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在這些從句中，謂語形式為should加動詞原形，should可以省略。

　　例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.

　　A. would leave

　　B. leave

　　C. left

　　D. have left

　　(答案：B) (2002年49題)

　　三、在It is desired (或desirable), It is important等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　“It is suggested”, “It is requested”,“It was ordered”, “It is necessary”, “It is essential”, “It is vital”, “It is urgent”,“ It is impossible”, “It is preferable”, “It is advisable”, “It was proposed”等。

　　例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.

　　A. comes

　　B. will com

　　C. come

　　D. may come

　　(答案：C)(1997年29題)

　　四、would rather, as if/though 以及wish后邊that從句中虛擬語氣的運用。

　　1、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

　　A. come

　　B. would come

　　C. came

　　D. have come

　　(答案：C。would rather 后面的從句中，動詞用過去式。)(2002年46題)

　　2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

　　A. knows

　　B. knew

　　C. had known

　　D. would have know

　　(正確答案為B。在as if/though后邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動詞用過去式;如果表示的是想象中的過去的動作，用過去完成時。本句表示對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑。)(1998年45題)

　　3、You look as if you had seen a ghost.

　　(此句中as if 后邊是說話人想象中的動作，所以用過去完成時。)

　　4、I wish I knew his address.

　　(在wish后邊的從句中，如果指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，動詞用過去式。這句話告訴我們說話人并不知道他的地址。)

　　5、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college。

　　A. could study

　　B. studied

　　C. had studied

　　D. would study

　　(答案為C。表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，動詞用過去完成時。)(2000年32題)

　　五、在It is (high) time后邊的that從句中，動詞用過去式，表示該做某事了。

　　例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

　　A. give up

　　B. gave up

　　C. would give up

　　D. should give up

　　(答案為B。)(1999年31題)