中考語法句型一、非謂語動(dòng)詞句型

一、非謂語動(dòng)詞句型

（一）既可以接to do，也可以接doing的動(dòng)詞句型

1.forget to do與forget doing

forget to do表示“忘記要干某事”，即所干的事情還沒有發(fā)生；forget doing表示“忘記干過某事”，即某事已經(jīng)做過，只是忘記了。

Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.你離開房間時(shí)不要忘記關(guān)燈。（to turn off的動(dòng)作還沒做）

He forgot turning the light off.他忘記燈已關(guān)上了。（關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作已做過）

2.remember to do與remember doing

remember to do表示“記住要干某事”，即所干的事情還沒有發(fā)生；remember doing表示“記得干過某事”，即某事已經(jīng)做過。

Tom，please remember to turn off the light when you leave.湯姆，離開時(shí)請(qǐng)記住關(guān)上燈。（turn off the light的動(dòng)作還沒做）

Don't you remember seeing the man before？難道你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎？（那個(gè)人過去見到過）

3.stop to do與stop doing

stop to do表示“停下來干某事”，指停止原來干的事情，開始干另一件事情；stop doing表示“停止干某事”，指停止正在做的事情，即不干某事了。

They worked for two hours and stopped to have a rest.

他們工作了兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后，停下來休息了一會(huì)。

Tell him not to stop to rest.告訴他不要停下來休息。

When the boy saw his mother come，he stopped crying.

當(dāng)男孩看到他媽媽過來時(shí)，他停止了哭叫。

4.need to do與need doing

通常情況下，當(dāng)主語是表示人的名詞時(shí)用need to do，意為“某人需要干某事”；當(dāng)主語是表示物的名詞時(shí)用need doing，意為“某物需要怎樣處理”。

We need to clean our bedroom every day.我們需要每天打掃宿舍。

Our bedroom needs cleaning every day.我們的宿舍需要每天打掃。

I need to buy some warm clothes for winter.我需要買一些暖和的衣服過冬。

The walls of the room need painting white.房間的墻需要刷成白色。

注意：

need doing句型也可用need to be done結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。

The flowers need watering once a week.那些花需要每周澆一次水。

the flowers need to be watered once a week.那些花需要每周澆一次水。

5.go on to do與go on doing

go on to do sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”，指前一個(gè)動(dòng)作完成之后，又接著去做另一件事情；go on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)干某事”，指繼續(xù)做原來的事情，中途可有停頓，也可沒有。

We had supper and went on to watch TV.我們吃了晚飯接著看電視。

After she finished her homework，she went on to help her mother with the housework.做完家庭作業(yè)后，她接著幫母親做家務(wù)。

After a short rest，they went on walking.休息了一會(huì)兒，他們繼續(xù)往前走。

6.try to do與try doing

try to do sth.意為“努力干某事；試圖干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)付出努力，但不一定成功；try doing意為“嘗試著干某事；干……試試”，含有“看結(jié)果如何”之意。

Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.請(qǐng)盡量在30分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

I tried to escape，but I failed.我試圖逃走，但是失敗了。

Why didn't you try riding a bike to go to school？你為什么不試著騎自行車去學(xué)校呢？

She tried washing her hair with a new shampoo.她試著用一種新的香波洗頭發(fā)。

7.like to do與like doing

like to do與like doing都表示“喜歡干某事”，like doing表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的愛好；對(duì)某事物從過去到現(xiàn)在一直喜歡；like to do表示具體的、某一特定行為的愛好，只是在某個(gè)特殊的情況下對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生好感，是一種臨時(shí)的喜歡，并非長(zhǎng)久性。

I like reading novels.我喜歡看小說。

My sister likes singing and dancing very much.我妹妹非常喜歡唱歌跳舞。

They like playing basketball.他們喜歡打籃球。

I like to read the novel.我喜歡看那本小說。

The teacher likes to tell jokes in class.那個(gè)老師喜歡在課堂上講笑話。

注意：

在美國英語中，like doing與like to do常常不加區(qū)別地?fù)Q用。如：

He likes walking around the lake.=He likes to walk around the lake.他喜歡在湖邊散步。

Do you like fishing？=Do you like to fish？你喜歡釣魚嗎？

但要表示明確的即將發(fā)生的具體事情時(shí)宜用like to do，而不用like doing.如：

I don't like to trouble him when he is so busy.他忙的時(shí)候我不喜歡麻煩他。

8.hate to do與hate doing

hate to do sth.與hate doing sth.都表示“討厭干某事；不喜歡干某事”。hate doing側(cè)重對(duì)某事長(zhǎng)期討厭，就一般而言，具有習(xí)慣性；hate to do側(cè)重對(duì)某一特定的事的討厭，具有偶然性。

The boys hate doing homework on Sundays.男孩們討厭在星期日做家庭作業(yè)。

I hate doing sit-ups.我不喜歡做仰臥起坐。

I hate to quarrel with her about money.我厭惡為錢的事與她爭(zhēng)吵。

9.begin to do與begin doing

begin to do與begin doing都表示“開始干某事”。begin to do多強(qiáng)調(diào)情況的發(fā)生，對(duì)動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去一般不作考慮；begin doing對(duì)新動(dòng)作本身注意較多，而且這一動(dòng)作將繼續(xù)下去。

Spring comes and the temperature begins to go up.春天來了，氣溫開始回升。

Let's begin singing the English song.咱們開始唱這首英語歌曲吧。

注意：

①begin to do與begin doing的界限有時(shí)侯并不十分清楚，在許多情況下可以通用。

When did you begin to learn/learning English？你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)習(xí)英語的？

②下面的三種情況，begin后用to do形式而不用doing。

■句子的主語是物而不是人時(shí)用to do而不用doing。如：

The ice began（或started）to melt.冰雪開始融化。

■begin（或start）本身為-ing形式時(shí)，用to do而不用doing。如：

He is just beginning（或starting）to write the letter。他剛剛開始寫那封信。

■begin（或start）后的動(dòng)詞與感情、想法有關(guān)時(shí)用to do不用doing.如：

He began（或started）to understand it.他開始明白這件事。

（注：start to do和start doing的用法分別與begin to do和begin doing的用法相同）

【中考速遞】

1.[青海中考考題] — The TV in your room is still on.

— Oh，I forgot _____.

A.turning it on B.turning it off

C.to turn it off

2.[四川眉山中考考題] — I'm sorry，Miss Green.I left my math book at home.

— It doesn't matter.Please remember _____ it here tomorrow.

A.taking B.to take C.bringing D.to bring

3.[湖北襄陽中考考題] — I think you should stop _____ him in English

— I see.He can't understand English at all.Let me try in French.

A.talking to B.to talk to C.talk to D.to talking to

4.[黑龍江龍東中考考題] Don't throw away the waste paper.It needs _____.

A.to recycle B.recycling C.recycle

5.[四川樂山中考考題] — I didn't hear you come in just now.

— That's good.I tried _____ the baby up.

A.to wake B.not to wake C.waking

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：C 由句意“你房間的電視還開著。”“哦，我忘了關(guān)了。”可知，“關(guān)電視”這個(gè)動(dòng)作未進(jìn)行，用forget to do。故選C。

2.答案：D 句意：由句意“對(duì)不起，格林小姐，我把數(shù)學(xué)書忘在家里了。”“沒關(guān)系。記住明天把它帶來。”可知，記住要干某事用remember to do sth.故選D。

3.答案：A 由句意“我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該停止用英語和他交流。”“我知道了。他根本聽不懂英語。讓我用法語試一下吧。”可知，表示“停止干某事”用stop doing，故選A。

4.答案：B 根據(jù)句意：不要扔掉那些廢紙，它需要回收利用。句子的主語it指的是物，用need doing表示“需要……”。故選B。

5.答案：B 根據(jù)句意：“剛才我沒有聽見你進(jìn)來。”“那樣好。我盡力不吵醒孩子。”表示“盡力不做某事”用try not to do sth.故選B。

（二）只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞句型

1.enjoy doing

enjoy doing意為“喜愛干某事”。enjoy后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用doing形式。

The old man enjoys fishing.那位老人喜歡釣魚。

My father enjoys listening to music.我父親喜歡聽音樂。

The boy enjoys reading story books.那個(gè)男孩喜歡看故事書。

2.finish doing

finish doing意為“干完某事”。finish后的動(dòng)詞要用doing形式。

He finished reading the book before supper.晚飯前他把這本書看完了。

I will finish doing the work in two days.兩天后我將完成這項(xiàng)工作。

You can't go out and play before you finish writing your homework.

寫完作業(yè)之前，你不可以出去玩。

3.practice doing

practice doing意為“練習(xí)干某事”。practice后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用doing形式。

They are practicing singing the new song.他們正在練習(xí)唱新歌。

You should practice speaking English every morning.你們應(yīng)當(dāng)每天早上練習(xí)說英語。

They are practicing playing table tennis.他們正在練習(xí)打乒乓球。

4.mind doing

mind doing意為“介意（反對(duì)）干某事”。mind后的動(dòng)詞要用doing形式。

Would you mind opening the window？打開窗戶你介意嗎？

Would you mind looking after my baby while I'm away？

我不在的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你照看一下我的小孩好嗎？

Would you mind making some room for the patient？

請(qǐng)你給這位病人讓點(diǎn)兒地方出來行嗎？

5.consider doing

consider doing意為“考慮干某事”，consider后的動(dòng)詞要用doing形式。

We considered going to see the film.我們考慮去看這部電影。

He is considering going to Beijing.他正考慮著去北京。

I'm considering changing my job.我在考慮換我的工作。

6.suggest doing

suggest doing意為“建議干某事”，suggest后的動(dòng)詞要用doing形式。

He suggested going together in one car.他建議大家一起坐一輛汽車去。

The teacher suggested drawing the picture with a pencil.老師建議用鉛筆畫畫。

I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。

7.avoid doing

avoid doing意為“避免干某事”，avoid后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

He tried to avoid answering my questions.他試圖避免回答我的問題。

Harry often cleans his room to avoid doing his homework.哈里常以打掃房間來逃避做作業(yè)。

She steps over to the other side to avoid meeting him.她走到大街另一邊，避免與他相遇。

8.spend ...（in）doing

spend ...（in）doing意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢干某事”，其中的in常常省略。

They spent 4，450 yuan buying the big colour TV set.他們花了4450元買下那臺(tái)大彩電。

I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一整天的時(shí)間找你。

I spent a lot of money buying books.我花了許多錢買那些書。

9.be busy doing

be busy doing意為“忙著干某事”，be busy后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

She is busy doing homework.她正在忙著做作業(yè)。

Mr.Smith is busy translating a short story into French.

史密斯先生正忙著把一個(gè)短篇故事譯成法語。

At the end of each year，people are busy doing Spring Festival shopping.

每到年根，大家就要忙著采購年貨了。

10.be worth doing

be worth doing意為“值得干某事”；表示“很值得干”為be well worth doing，其中的well不能用very替換。

The book is well worth buying.那本書很值得買。

The question is not worth discussing again and again.這個(gè)問題不值得反復(fù)討論。

Your bike is not worth repairing.你的自行車不值得修理了。

11.feel like doing

feel like doing意為“想要干某事”，是一個(gè)固定句型，feel like后的動(dòng)詞要用doing形式。

I don't feel like cooking.Let's eat out.我不想做飯，我們出去吃吧。

I don't feel like doing anything today.我今天什么也不想做。

I feel like having a cup of tea.我想要喝杯茶。

I feel like watching the football match this evening.今天晚上我想看足球賽。

12.have fun doing

have fun意為“玩得開心；過得愉快”，其后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，表示“干某事很開心；干某事很有樂趣”。

We have fun talking and playing with him.我們和他一起聊天，玩得很高興。

I had fun playing tennis with my friends yesterday.昨天我和我的朋友打籃球，過得很愉快。

13.can't help doing

can't help doing意為“情不自禁（禁不?。└赡呈?rdquo;，這是一個(gè)固定句型，其中help后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。

I couldn't help laughing when I heard the news.聽到這個(gè)消息我禁不住笑了起來。

The audience couldn't help cheering when they saw the little girl's wonderful performing.看到那小女孩精彩的表演，觀眾都情不自禁高聲喝彩。

14.keep doing

keep doing意為“繼續(xù)干某事；不停地干某事”，表示連續(xù)不斷地一直處于某種狀態(tài)，繼續(xù)不停地做著某件事情，keep后不能接不定式或表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的v-ing形式，而必須接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

He kept standing there during the meeting.開會(huì)時(shí)他一直站在那里。

Why do you keep laughing all the time？你為什么一直笑個(gè)不停？

If you keep practicing your spoken English，you'll soon make great progress.

如果你堅(jiān)持練習(xí)英語口語，你很快就會(huì)取得很大的進(jìn)步。

He kept working all day，because he wanted to finish the work on time.

他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。

15.keep on doing

keep on doing意為“繼續(xù)干某事”，指中間有休息或停頓，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的間隔性和動(dòng)作的反復(fù)性，及某人做某事的決心。其中的doing不能用to do來替換。若表示今后或?qū)砝^續(xù)做某事，只用keep on doing。

He kept on smoking though we advised him to stop to smoke.

盡管我們建議他戒煙，但是他還是繼續(xù)吸煙。

He kept on working until midnight though he was tired.

盡管他很疲勞，但是他還是繼續(xù)工作到半夜。

He kept on repeating these words over and over.他一遍又一遍重復(fù)這幾句話。

The pupil kept on asking me the same question.這個(gè)學(xué)生不斷地問我同一個(gè)問題。

16.keep sb.doing sth.

keep sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人一直干某事；讓某人老是保持某種狀態(tài)”，其中的doing為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能使用短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。

The headmaster kept me waiting for two hours last time.上次校長(zhǎng)讓我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

I'm sorry I kept you waiting so long.對(duì)不起讓你久等了。

17.What/How about doing？

What/How about doing？是英語口語中一個(gè)常用的客套句型，用來提出請(qǐng)求，建議或征求對(duì)方意見，意為“（你認(rèn)為）……怎么樣？”“……如何？；干某事怎么樣？”What/How about后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一定要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

What about having a rest？休息一會(huì)兒怎么樣？

How about starting there？從那里開始怎么樣啊？

How about watching TV tonight？今天晚上看電視怎么樣？

18.give up doing

give up doing意為“放棄干某事”，give up表示“放棄”，后用動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式。

My father has given up smoking.我父親已經(jīng)戒煙了。

Why not give up making the plan？為什么不放棄制定那個(gè)計(jì)劃呢？

You should never give up working hard at English.你不應(yīng)放棄努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。

19.put off doing

put off doing意為“推遲干某事”，put off“推遲”，其后用動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式。

We decided to put off leaving.我們決定推遲動(dòng)身。

They have to put off going to Shanghai.他們不得不推遲去上海。

Please don't put off doing your homework.請(qǐng)你們不要推遲做作業(yè)。

20.be used to doing

be used to doing意為“已習(xí)慣于干某事”。be used to doing是一個(gè)固定句型，其中的to是介詞，其后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。

He is used to doing such a thing.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了做這樣的事。

My parents are used to getting up early.我父母已習(xí)慣于早起床。

We are used to doing our homework after school.我們已習(xí)慣于放學(xué)后做作業(yè)。

21.look forward to doing

look forward to doing意為“盼望、期盼干某事”。look forward to表示“期望；盼望；期盼”，其中的to是介詞，后跟動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式。

We are looking forward to hearing from you.我們正盼望著收到你的來信。

She is looking forward to seeing you again.她正盼望著再次見到你。

The students are looking forward to going to the Great Wall for a trip.

學(xué)生們正盼望著去長(zhǎng)城旅游。

【中考速遞】

1.[山東臨沂中考考題] When President Xi Jinping has spare time，he enjoys _____ and sports.

A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading

2.[重慶中考考題] Dave is a good boy and he always finishes _____ his homework on time.

A.do B.did C.does D.doing

3.[海南中考考題] Bruce practices _____ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.

A.play B.to play C.playing

4.[貴州安順中考考題] — It's too cold today.Would you mind _____ the window？

— Certainly not.Go ahead.

A.to close B.closing C.close D.closed

5.[廣西貴港中考考題] — Why did his father buy that phone watch for him？

— Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid _____ the way.

A.to lose B.lose C.loses D.losing

6.[黑龍江哈爾濱中考考題] My favorite TV program is Readers .I think we should spend as much time as we can _____ in our spare time.

A.read B.to read C.reading

7.[上海中考考題] The workers are busy _____ windows to the new building these days.

A.fix B.fixed C.fixing D.to fix

8.[江蘇南京中考考題] — Have you read the book Jane Eyre ？

— Yes.It's a famous book and really worth _____.

A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.read

9.[黑龍江綏化中考考題] The doctor advised my father to give up _____.

A.smoke B.smoking C.smokes

10.[甘肅白銀中考考題] I look forward _____ you soon.

A.see B.seeing C.to see D.to seeing

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：D 句意：習(xí)近平主席有空閑時(shí)間的時(shí)候喜歡讀書和運(yùn)動(dòng)。enjoy后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞，故選D。

2.答案：D 由空前的finish可知，finish后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞，故選D。

3.答案：C practice后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞；practice doing意為“練習(xí)干某事”。故選C。

4.答案：B mind后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞；mind doing意為“介意干某事”。故選B。

5.答案：D avoid后的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞；avoid doing意為“避免干某事”，故選D。

6.答案：C 句意：我最喜歡的節(jié)目是《朗讀者》。我想我們應(yīng)在空余時(shí)間花盡可能多的時(shí)間來看書。spend后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞，故選B。

7.答案：C be busy doing sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“忙著做某事”，故選C。

8.答案：B be worth doing sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“值得做某事”。故選B。

9.答案：B give up后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞；give up doing意為“放棄干某事”，故選B。

10.答案：D look forward to后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞；look forward to doing意為“期盼干某事”。故選D。

（三）只接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞句型

1.want to do

want to do意為“想要干某事”；want sb.to do sth.意為“想要某人干某事”。want后的動(dòng)詞只用動(dòng)詞不定式，不能使用動(dòng)名詞。

Do you want to take part in the sports meeting？你想?yún)⒓舆\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？

The teacher wanted the students to help clean the office.老師想要學(xué)生幫著打掃辦公室。

Mother wants me to go home earlier.媽媽想要我早點(diǎn)回家。

2.decide to do

decide是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，只用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，構(gòu)成decide to do結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“決定干某事”。

They decided to have a picnic on Sunday.他們決定星期天去吃野餐。

We decide to go to the zoo this weekend.這個(gè)周末我們決定去動(dòng)物園。

3.hope to do

hope to do sth.意為“希望干某事”。hope作動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語只用動(dòng)詞不定式，不能使用動(dòng)名詞形式。

I hope to be a volunteer.我希望成為一名志愿者。

They all hoped to go to the zoo on Sunday.他們都希望星期天去動(dòng)物園。

注意：

在表示“希望某人干某事”時(shí)，不能說hope sb.to do sth.，而要用“hope+that從句”來表示。

正：I hope you will come to our school tomorrow.我希望你明天來我們學(xué)校。

誤：I hope you to come to our school tomorrow.我希望你明天來我們學(xué)校。

4.wish to do

wish用作動(dòng)詞，既可以用wish to do表示“希望干某事”，也可以用wish sb.to do表示“希望某人干某事”，但其后不能用動(dòng)名詞形式。

I wish to see the manager.我希望見一見經(jīng)理。

We wish to see the film.我們希望看那部電影。

I wish you to go with me.我希望你同我一道去。

5.would like to do

would like是一個(gè)表示客氣委婉語氣的常用句型，后接動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成would like to do和would like sb.to do結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“想要干某事；愿意干某事；想要某人干某事”。這里的like沒有了“喜歡”的意思，故其后不能使用doing形式。

I would like to help the old man after school.放學(xué)后我想幫助那位老人。

Would you like to go shopping with us？你愿意和我們一起去購物嗎？

6.tell sb.to do

tell sb.to sth.意為“告訴某人干某事；叫某人干某事”。tell用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，只用動(dòng)詞不定式，不能使用動(dòng)名詞。

The teacher told us to bring our books to school.老師告訴我們把書帶到學(xué)校來。

My mother often tells me to be careful on the way to school.

我母親經(jīng)常告訴我在上學(xué)路上要小心。

7.ask sb.to do

ask sb.to do sth.是一個(gè)固定句型，意為“要求某人干某事”，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為ask sb.not to do sth.，意為“要求某人不要干某事”。

The teacher asks us to get to school on time.老師要求我們按時(shí)到校。

She asked us not to go swimming in the river.她要求我們不要到河里去游泳。

【中考速遞】

1.[四川成都中考考題] Our English teacher wants us _____ English stories out of class.

A.read B.reading C.to read

2.[重慶中考考題] — Do you have any places for the coming vacation？

— Sure.We decide _____ Seacha in July.

A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit

3.[湖南邵陽中考考題] She said she hoped _____ her daughter.

A.to see B.you to see C.seeing

4.[湖南常德中考考題] Maria would like _____ an animal doctor.

A.be B.being C.to be

5.[四川巴中中考考題] My parents often tell me _____ fight with others.

A.don't B.not to C.not

6.[廣東中考考題] For more than once，our head teacher asks us _____ the habit of keeping a diary.

A.develop B.develops

C.developing D.to develop

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：C 句意：我們英語老師想要我們課后讀英語故事。want sb.to do sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“想要某人做某事”，故選C。

2.答案：D 句意：“即將到來的假期你有去的地方嗎？”“當(dāng)然。我們決定在七月份去拜訪Seacha。”decide后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞不定式；decide to do意為“決定干某事”，故選D。

3.答案：A 句意：她說她希望看到她的女兒。hope to do意為“希望做某事”，英語中無hope sb.to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。

4.答案：C would like后的動(dòng)詞用不定式；would like to do sth.意為“想要干某事；愿意干某事”，故選C。

5.答案：B tell sb.（not）to do sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“告訴某人（不要）做某事”。故選B。

6.答案：D ask sb.to do sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“要求某人做某事”，故選D。

（四）后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的句型

1.let sb.do

let表示“讓”是一個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，構(gòu)成let sb.do sth.句型，表示“讓某人干某事”。

Let him do it.讓他來做這件事吧。

Let's go to school by bike.咱們騎自行車去學(xué)校吧。

She let her child play in the park.她讓她的孩子在公園里玩耍。

2.make sb.do

make表示“使、讓、叫”時(shí)是使役動(dòng)詞，其后用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成make sb.do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“讓某人干某事；（迫）使某人干某事”。否定式在動(dòng)詞原形前直接加not，構(gòu)成make sb.not do sth.，意為“讓某人不要干某事”。

The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.老板讓工人一天工作十二個(gè)小時(shí)。

For us to learn English well，the teacher always makes us read aloud in the morning.

為了學(xué)好英語，老師總是讓我們?cè)缟洗舐暲首x。

The teacher made me stay in the classroom after school.放學(xué)后老師讓我呆在教室里。

Make him not lend the book to my younger brother，he will break it.

讓他不要把書借給我小弟弟，他會(huì)把它弄壞的。

注意：

①不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to。

We are made to clean the classroom after school every day.我們每天放學(xué)后打掃教室。

He was made to work fourteen hours a day.他被迫一天工作14小時(shí)。

②make表示“制作；制造”時(shí)不是使役動(dòng)詞，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)帶to。

He made some model robots in a short time to show his ability.

他在短時(shí)間內(nèi)做出了一些機(jī)器人模型以展示他的能力。

3.have sb.do

have表示“使、讓、叫”時(shí)是使役動(dòng)詞，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to；have表示其他意思時(shí)沒有這樣的用法。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人干某事；使某人干某事”。否定式在動(dòng)詞原形前直接加not，構(gòu)成have sb.not do sth.，表示“讓某人不要干某事”。

We all had Wang Lin sing a song for us.我們都推選王林為我們唱一首歌。

I had him arrange for a car.我叫他安排了一輛車。

4.help sb.do

help用作動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，既可以帶to，也可以不帶to。help sb.do或help sb.to do意為“幫助某人干某事”；help to do或help do意為“幫助干某事”。

They often help the old woman（to）carry water.他們經(jīng)常幫助那位老太太打水。

Can you help me to learn English？你能幫助我學(xué)英語嗎？

I can't help you to lift this stone.我不能幫你搬這塊石頭。

【中考速遞】

1.[四川雅安中考考題] Let's _____ and help him.

A.go B.going C.to go D.goes

2.[黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考考題] Let's _____ a noise.Someone is sleeping.

A.not make B.no making C.not to make

3.[湖南岳陽中考考題] Though he often made his little sister _____，today he was made _____ by her.

A.cry；to cry B.cried；crying C.to cry；cry

4.[四川內(nèi)江中考考題] In some African countries，children are made _____ heavy work because their parents have died.

A.doing B.done C.do D.to do

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：A 句意：讓我們?nèi)椭?。let's后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。故選A。

2.答案：A 句意：讓我們不要弄出噪聲，有人正在睡覺。不帶to的不定式的否定式在動(dòng)詞原形前加not。故選A。

3.答案：A 句意：雖然他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他被他妹妹弄哭了。make后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to。故選A。

4.答案：D 由句中are made可知句子是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；不帶to的不定式在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to，故選D。

（五）感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式與接doing時(shí)意義不同的句型

1.see sb.do與see sb.doing

■see sb.do指“看見某人干了某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人所做的事情已經(jīng)完成或經(jīng)常發(fā)生。如：

I often see the old man walk in the park.我經(jīng)?？匆娔俏焕先嗽诠珗@散步。

I saw the thief run into the house.我看見小偷跑到那所房子里去了。

I saw him cross the street.我看見他穿過了街道。

■see sb.doing指“看見某人在干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人所做的事正在進(jìn)行。如：

When I got home yesterday，I saw my mother crying in the room.

昨天我到家的時(shí)候，看見媽媽在房間里哭。

I saw him crossing the street.我看見他正穿過街道。

2.hear sb.do與hear sb.doing

■hear sb.do指聽到某人干某事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)所聽到的事情已經(jīng)結(jié)束或是經(jīng)常性的。如：

I heard her sing the song in English.我聽到她用英語唱過這首歌。

I often hear the girl play the violin in the park.我經(jīng)常聽見那女孩在公園里拉小提琴。

■hear sb.doing指“聽見某人在干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所聽到的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：

I heard the woman crying in the next room yesterday.昨天我聽到那位婦女在隔壁哭。

Don't you hear them laughing in the classroom？難道你沒聽見他們?cè)诮淌依镄幔?/p>

3.watch sb.do與watch sb.doing

■watch sb.do指“看某人干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人所做的事情已經(jīng)完成或經(jīng)常發(fā)生。如：

My parents like to watch me swim in summer.夏天我父母喜歡看我游泳。

They watched students play football yesterday evening.昨天晚上他們看學(xué)生踢足球了。

■watch sb.doing指“看某人在干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人所做的事正在進(jìn)行。如：

We are watching the children dancing.我們正在看孩子們跳舞。

She told me the teacher is watching the students playing basketball.

她告訴我老師在看孩子們打籃球。

4.notice sb.do與notice sb.doing

■notice sb.do意為“注意到某人干了某事”或“注意到某人經(jīng)常干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去干過或經(jīng)常干的事情被注意到了，其否定式在sb.后直接加not。

We noticed them go to the net bar sometimes.我們注意到他們有時(shí)候去網(wǎng)吧。

I noticed her run out of the building.我注意到她從樓房里跑了出來。

I noticed the children not wear the school uniform these days.

我注意到這些天孩子們沒有穿校服。

■notice sb.doing意為“注意到某人正在干某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情正在進(jìn)行。

The teacher noticed Li Gang talking with a girl.老師注意到李剛在和一個(gè)女孩交談。

5.feel sb.do與feel sb.doing

■feel+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞原形，意為“感覺到……做了……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。

I felt someone touch me on the arm.我感覺有人碰了我的胳膊。

I felt my heart beat faster.我感覺到我的心跳得更快了。

■feel+名詞或代詞+doing，表示“感覺到……正在做……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

Didn't you feel the ground shaking？難道你沒感覺到地在震動(dòng)嗎？

注意：

以上感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用不帶to的不定式，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to。

The girl is often heard to sing in the morning.經(jīng)常有人聽到那個(gè)女孩在早上唱歌。

【中考速遞】

1.[江蘇徐州中考考題] I saw Tom _____ his key in the lock，turn it and open the door.

A.put B.putting C.puts D.to put

2.[湖北孝感中考考題] — Is Jack in the next room？

— Well，it's hard to say.But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now.

A.speak B.to speak C.spoken D.speaking

3.[新疆阜康中考考題] — Mary was heard _____ just now.What happened？

— John was telling a joke.

A.cry B.to cry C.laugh D.to laugh

4.[四川涼山中考考題] Everyone may feel time _____ very quickly when they do something interesting.

A.go by B.to go by C.went by

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：A 句意：我看見湯姆把鑰匙插進(jìn)鎖里，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鑰匙并打開了門。表示“看見某人干了某事”用see sb.do sth.，故選A。

2.答案：D 句意：“杰克在隔壁房間嗎？”“哦，很難說。但是當(dāng)我剛才經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，聽見他在大聲說話。”表示“聽到某人在做某事”用hear sb.doing sth.，故選D。

3.答案：D 由謂語動(dòng)詞was heard可知該句用的是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；不帶to的不定式在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to。答句為：約翰在講笑話。故選D。

4.答案：A 句意：當(dāng)他們做有趣的事情時(shí)，每個(gè)人都可能感到時(shí)間過得很快。feel表示“感覺”，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略。故選A。