[初中]全新英語語法15-5 賓語從句的簡化

用一個句子作賓語，這個句子就是賓語從句。賓語從句的三大考點是時態(tài)、語序和引導(dǎo)詞。

15-5 賓語從句的簡化

賓語從句在許多情況下可以簡化為動詞不定式的形式而所表達(dá)的意思不變，這種由較復(fù)雜的賓語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句的過程稱為賓語從句的簡化。賓語從句的簡化主要有以下幾種情況。

1.由賓語從句簡化為動詞不定式

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.李明希望他很快回來。

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.李明希望很快回來。

We decided that we would help him.我們決定來幫助他。

→We decided to help him.我們決定幫助他。

2.由賓語從句簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動詞，從句由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.她已忘記她怎樣才能打開窗子。

→She has forgotten how to open the window.她已忘記怎樣打開窗子。

注意：

當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致，而且從句由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)時，賓語從句也可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？你能告訴我怎樣到達(dá)火車站嗎？

→Could you tell me how to get to the station？你能告訴我怎樣到達(dá)火車站嗎？

3.由賓語從句簡化為“動詞+sb.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order（命令），require（需要），ask（要求），advise（建議）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.校長命令我們馬上開始。

→The headmaster ordered us to start at once.校長命令我們馬上開始。

4.由賓語從句簡化為“動詞+介詞＋動名詞”形式

某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。如：

He insisted that he should go with us.他堅持與我們一起去。

→He insisted on going with us.他堅持與我們一起去。

5.由賓語從句簡化為“賓語+V-ing（賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)

某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.劉萍發(fā)現(xiàn)有個錢包在地上。

→Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.劉萍發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個錢包。

6.其他賓語從句簡化句型

還有一些動詞由復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹唵尉鋾r，其句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓Ｈ纾?/p>

（1）It seemed that+從句變?yōu)椋篒t seemed to do句型。如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win.看起來好像男孩子要贏。

→The boys seemed to win.男孩子似乎要贏。

（2）...find that it is+形容詞+to do sth.變?yōu)椋?..find it+形容詞+to do sth.

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。

→I found it difficult to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。

（3）...find that+系表結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)椋?..find+名詞+形容詞（作賓補(bǔ)）。如：

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.很快我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋。

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.很快我們發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的雪覆蓋。

They found that the box was very heavy.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子很重。

→They found the box very heavy.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子很重。

【中考速遞】

1.[北京中考考題] — Can you tell me _____？

— He lives in Shanghai.

A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live

C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live

2.[安徽中考考題] — Look at the stone bridge！Do you know _____ it was built？

— In the 1860s.It is quite old.

A.when B.how C.where D.why

3.[甘肅蘭州中考考題] What a lovely toy race car！Could you tell me _____？

A.why did you get it B.when will you get it

C.where you got it D.how will you get it

4.[江蘇南京中考考題] — Are you going camping this afternoon？

— A typhoon is coming.I'm not sure _____ the road to the mountains will be closed.

A.which B.what C.whether D.why

5.[湖北武漢中考考題] — What did the teacher say to you？

— He asked me _____.

A.why I look unhappy then B.when did I go home last night

C.how could I solve the problem D.if I had got everything ready

6.[山東煙臺中考考題] Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _____ the sun.

A.goes around B.went around

C.is going around D.would go around

7.[廣東汕尾中考考題] I don't think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say，_____.

A.do I B.don't I C.is it D.isn't it

8.[吉林長春中考考題] — Could you tell me _____ every morning？

— Sure.I have to catch the school bus.

A.why you get up early B.why do you get up early

C.why did you get up early D.why you got up early

【答案點撥】

1.答案：A 句意：“你能告訴我馬克住哪嗎？”“他住在上海?！庇蓡柧洹癱an you tell me”可知其后是一個賓語從句，要用陳述語序；由答句“he lives”可知從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選 A。

2.答案：A 句意：“看這座石頭橋！你知道它是什么時候建造的嗎？”“在19世紀(jì)60年代，它非常古老?！庇纱鹫Z可知上句問的是時間，用when引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A。

3.答案：C 句意：多漂亮的玩具賽車??！你可以告訴我你在哪里買的嗎？賓語從句要用陳述句語序，故選C。

4.答案：C 句意：“今天下午，你將去野營嗎？”“臺風(fēng)就要來了。我不能確定通往山里的道路是否關(guān)閉?！庇删渲械摹安荒艽_定”可知，賓語從句為“是否關(guān)閉”。故選C。

5.答案：D 句意：“老師對你說了些什么？”“他問我我是否準(zhǔn)備好了一切?！辟e語從句疑問句要用陳述句語序，排除B、C選項；由主句asked可知，主句用了過去時，從句也用過去時，故選D。

6.答案：A 句意：昨天老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。在賓語從句中，從句如果描述的是客觀真理，那么不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。

7.答案：C 根據(jù)句意“我認(rèn)為由趙薇導(dǎo)演的新電影并沒有如人們說的一樣有趣？” think后接賓語從句，反意疑問句中的簡短問句與賓語從句一致；否定式與主句一致，用肯定式。故選C。

8.答案：A 賓語從句的語序為陳述句語序，排除B、C；Could you tell ...？是一種委婉的表達(dá)法，從every morning及答語知，談話雙方說的是現(xiàn)在的事情，賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。

【語法專練 體驗中考】

1.[重慶考題] — Do you know _____？

— Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th .

A.why did they move here B.why they moved here

C.when did they move here D.when they moved here

2.[山東臨沂] — Excuse me，do you know _____ yesterday？

— Sure.It closed at 6：00 p.m.yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed D.when did the bookstore close

3.[江蘇無錫] — Father's Day is coming.Shall we make a card for Dad？

— Good idea！But would you please show me _____ as I know little about DIY？

A.why B.when C.how D.where

4.[四川攀枝花] Could you tell me _____ the beautiful mobile phone？I want to buy one，too.

A.when did you buy B.when you bought

C.where you bought D.where did you buy

5.[天津考題] — Could you tell me _____ you'll go to Paris？

— Next month.

A.why B.where C.when D.how

6.[湖南衡陽]My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not.

A.whether B.if C.what

7.[湖北黃岡] — I haven't seen your English teacher for a week.Where is he？

— Sorry，I don't know _____.

A.where has he been B.where he has been

C.where has he gone D.where he has gone

8.[廣東考題] — I wonder _____.

— It will fall on a Saturday.

A.how will National Day fall on this year

B.how National Day will fall on this year

C.what day will National Day fall on this year

D.what day National Day will fall on this year

9.[湖北恩施] — The movie star，Zhao Yazhi，looks so young.

— So she does.I can't really tell _____ .

A.how old is she B.how old she is

C.how is she old

10.[山東濟(jì)南] — Li Mei，do you know _____？

— Well，she likes The Voice of China .

A.what TV show does your English teacher like

B.what TV show your English teacher likes

C.what TV show did your English teacher like

D.what TV show your English teacher liked

11.[河南考題] — What did Tom say to you just now，John？

— He asked _____.

A.why I am so happy today

B.what will I do for the weekend

C.who did I play football with after school

D.if I could go to the movie with him tonight

12.[青?？碱}] — Could you tell me _____ yesterday？

— Because it rained heavily.

A.why you arrived late B.why did you arrive late

C.why you didn't arrive late

13.[海南考題] They solved the problem in the end.Yet I really don't know _____.

A.how did they make it B.how they made it

C.why did they make it

14.[云南考題] — Do you know _____？

— Yes.They're from New York.

A.what do the tourists do B.where the tourists are from

C.what the tourists do D.where are the tourists from

15.[云南昆明] — I am worried about _____.

— Whatever the result is，don't be too hard on yourself.

A.how have I prepared for my final exams

B.if I can get great grades in the final exams

C.that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D.why did my school team lose the game

【答案速遞】

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B