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[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法09-4 48組易混動(dòng)詞用法辨析

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2021年12月07日

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動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句中的功能,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類。而實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),并具有實(shí)際行為含義,在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也稱為行為動(dòng)詞。

09-4 48組易混動(dòng)詞用法辨析

1.agree with,agree to和agree on

■agree with ...指“同意某人或某人的意見(jiàn)、觀點(diǎn)、決定、想法、安排、解釋”等,其后可以是一個(gè)名詞,也可以是what引起的從句。如:

I don't agree with you.我不同意你的意見(jiàn)。

I don't agree with what you said.我不同意你所說(shuō)的。

■agree to是指“同意某計(jì)劃、建議、或提議”等;后跟動(dòng)詞原形,意為“同意干某事”。如:Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him?除他以外,還有誰(shuí)會(huì)同意這個(gè)建議呢?

We agreed to start early.我們同意早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。

■agree on 指在某方面取得一致的看法或意見(jiàn)。如:

We agreed on leaving for Beijing the next day.我們一致同意第二天去北京。

2.answer和reply

■answer是常用詞,可指口頭、筆頭,甚至行動(dòng)回答,有時(shí)可與reply通用。如:

Who can answer the question?誰(shuí)能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題?

Please answer the telephone.請(qǐng)接一下電話。

■reply 較answer正式,既可指用語(yǔ)言、書面作答,也可指用動(dòng)作或手勢(shì)作答,常用于正式場(chǎng)合或書面語(yǔ)中,指經(jīng)過(guò)慎重考慮作出的答復(fù)。如:

I sent in my application,and the school replied immediately.我把申請(qǐng)書交上去,學(xué)校立即給了答復(fù)。

I don't know what to reply.我不知道該回答什么。

注意:

在表示回答問(wèn)題時(shí),answer后直接跟question;reply后要加介詞to。試比較:

answer the question回答問(wèn)題;reply to the question回答問(wèn)題。

3.apologize to和apologize for

■apologize to sb.相當(dāng)于say sorry to sb.表示“向某人道歉”。如:

You should apologize to the old man.你應(yīng)當(dāng)向那老人道歉。

■apologize for sb.意為“替某人道歉或認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。如:

Johnny,I want to apologize for us all.約翰尼,我代表我們大家向你道歉。

注意:

apologize to后通常只接表示人的名詞或代詞,apologize for后除可接表示人代名詞或代詞外,還可接表示事物的名詞。apologize for sth.意為“因……而道歉”。如:

I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.屋子這么不整潔,實(shí)在抱歉。

I must apologize for calling you so late.實(shí)在抱歉,這么晚給您打電話。

4.argue about和argue with

■argue about指“為某事而爭(zhēng)論、爭(zhēng)吵”。如:

Don't argue about the matter any more.不要再為那件事爭(zhēng)論不休了。

■argue with 指“與某人爭(zhēng)吵、爭(zhēng)論或吵架”。如:

The two brothers often argue with each other.那兩兄弟經(jīng)常互相爭(zhēng)吵。

注意:

表示“因某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵”或“與某人辯論某事”為argue with sb.about sth.或argue against sb.on sth.如:

They argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.他們與服務(wù)員為飯錢而爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。

5.arrive,reach和get to

■arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后不能直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,與at或in連用后可以跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞;表示使用某種交通工具到達(dá)時(shí)常用arrive。如:

Has the train arrived?火車到達(dá)了嗎?

They arrived at the village on a rainy night.他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)雨夜里到達(dá)了那個(gè)村莊。

注意:

arrive at指到達(dá)較小的地方,如車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)、碼頭、學(xué)校、工廠、商店等。如:

It was dark when I arrived at the airport.我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)天就黑了。

arrive in指到達(dá)較大的地方,如村莊、城鎮(zhèn)、地區(qū)、國(guó)家等。如:

When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday?你昨天什么時(shí)候到達(dá)的北京?

■reach是及物動(dòng)詞,正式用語(yǔ),其后直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。如:

He reached Japan on October the second 2017.他于2017年10月2日到達(dá)日本。

■get to是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,在口語(yǔ)中用的多,使用的范圍也很廣,不管是步行還是乘車、乘船、乘飛機(jī)等到達(dá)目的地或中途暫停都可以用。如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?你能告訴我到機(jī)場(chǎng)怎么走嗎?

注意:

當(dāng)arrive,get to后跟副詞home,here,there時(shí),arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。如:

When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.火車到達(dá)這兒的時(shí)候,正在下著大雨。

When did you get home?你什么時(shí)候到家的?

6.be,become,get和turn

■be表示“成為”時(shí),多用于將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或不定式。如:

I would like to be a bus-driver.我想成為一名公共汽車司機(jī)。

My younger sister wants to be a movie star.我妹妹想當(dāng)一名電影明星。

■become多指身份、職位等的變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過(guò)程已經(jīng)完成,后面可接名詞或形容詞。如:

Later the boy became an artist.后來(lái)那男孩成為一名畫家。

Her mother became angry when she heard the news.她媽媽聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)非常生氣。

■get多用于口語(yǔ),表示一種變化過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“漸漸變得”,后常接形容詞的比較級(jí)。如:

It's getting darker and darker outside.戶外天色越來(lái)越暗。

In winter the days get shorter.冬季白天變得較短。

■turn指在顏色和性質(zhì)等方面與以前的完全不同,強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的結(jié)果。如:

Leaves turned brown in the mountains.山里的樹葉已變成了棕色。

7.be about to和be going to

■be about to do意為“就要、即將干某事”,指最近的將來(lái),表示動(dòng)作馬上就要發(fā)生。如:

Don't leave now.We are about to have lunch.現(xiàn)在不要走,我們馬上就要吃午飯了。

■be going to意為“即將、打算干某事”,表示對(duì)某事事先有準(zhǔn)備、有計(jì)劃或有打算,也可表示預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。如:

Look,it's cloudy.It's going to rain.看,天開始陰沉沉的,要下雨了。

注意:

be about to本身已清楚地表示出即將到來(lái)的短暫時(shí)刻,故句子中不能與at once,immediately及表示具體的將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用。如:

I'm about to go.我馬上過(guò)去。(不能說(shuō)成:I'm about to go at once.或I'm about to go tomorrow.)

8.be angry about,be angry at和be angry with

■be angry about指對(duì)某事生氣,其后跟表示某事的名詞或代詞。如:

He was angry about the noises in the next room.他因隔壁房間的吵鬧而生氣。

■be angry at指對(duì)某人的言行生氣。如:

He was angry at her answer.他對(duì)她的回答很生氣。

■be angry with指對(duì)某人生氣,其后跟表示人的名詞或代詞。如:

She is angry with me.她在生我的氣。

9.beat和win

■beat后接表示人及人的群體名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),常用于游戲或比賽中戰(zhàn)勝某人或打敗某人。如:Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.昨天我們班在乒乓球比賽中贏了一班。

■win后接表示事物的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),在句子中通常與game,match,prize等詞搭配,表示在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)或比賽中獲勝。如:

Who won the game?誰(shuí)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽。

She won the first place in the competition.她在比賽中獲得第一名。

[一言辨異] Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我贏了我同學(xué)。他只贏了一盤,而我贏了兩盤。

10.believe和believe in

■believe指相信某人或某人說(shuō)的話。強(qiáng)調(diào)人或事的誠(chéng)實(shí)和真實(shí)性。如:

Don't you believe me?難道你不相信我嗎?

I don't believe until I see it with my own eyes.我親眼看到后我才相信。

■believe in指信賴或信任某人的人格、力量等;也指信奉某宗教、神等。如:

We believe in him,for he is always careful with everything.我們信任他是因?yàn)樗鍪裁词虑槎己苷J(rèn)真。

11.be made of和be made from

■be made of指從所制成的物品中能看到原材料,即原材料只發(fā)生了物理變化。如:

Our desks and chairs are all made of wood.我們的課桌和椅子都是用木材制成的。

■be made from指從所制成的物品中看不出原材料,或者說(shuō)是原材料發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。如:Some paper is made from wood.有些紙是由木材制成的。

注意:

有時(shí),在制成品中很難斷定能否看出原材料,這時(shí)be made 后用of或from皆可。如:

Bread is made of/from flour.饅頭是用面粉做成的。

12.be out,go out和turn off

■be out表示“熄滅、滅”時(shí),指燈、火等熄滅的狀態(tài),句子的主語(yǔ)通常是表示燈或火的名詞而不是人。如:

The forest fires were out at last because of two days' heavy rain.因?yàn)橄铝藘商煊?,森林大火終于熄滅了。

■go out表示“熄滅、滅”時(shí),側(cè)重于燈或火熄滅的動(dòng)作,句子的主語(yǔ)是表示燈或火的名詞而不是人。如:

The lights went out at ten o'clock last night.昨夜電燈是十點(diǎn)鐘熄滅的。

■turn off表示“熄滅、滅”時(shí),是指某人把燈或火熄滅,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,句子的主語(yǔ)是人而不是表示燈或火的詞。如:

Please turn off the light before you leave the room.離開房間前請(qǐng)關(guān)上燈。

注意:

be out,go out表示自身的動(dòng)作,即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是燈、火、燈火一類的詞時(shí),用be out或go out;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),則用turn off。如:

The fire on the hill was out yesterday.山上的火昨天就熄滅了。

Will you please turn off the TV?請(qǐng)關(guān)上電視好嗎?

[一言辨異] The light went out suddenly.Do you know who turned it off?電燈突然滅了,你知道是誰(shuí)關(guān)的嗎?

13.be pleased at,be pleased with和be pleased to

■be pleased at指“因……高興”,其后常常跟動(dòng)名詞。如:

We are pleased at hearing of your success.聽說(shuō)你獲得成功,我們都感到很高興。

■be pleased with指“對(duì)……感到高興;對(duì)……感到滿意”,其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是物,也可以是人。如:

The boss was pleased with John's work.老板對(duì)約翰的工作是滿意的。

They were very pleased with the boy.他們對(duì)那個(gè)男孩很滿意。

■be pleased to指“高興做……;樂(lè)意做……;因做……而感到高興”,其后要用動(dòng)詞原形。如:

I am very pleased to help you.我非常樂(lè)意幫助你。

注意:

be pleased at與be pleased with有時(shí)候可以互換使用,這時(shí)其后只能接名詞。如:

He is pleased with (at)the bike.那輛自行車他很滿意。

14.be proud for和be proud of

■be proud for指“為……感到驕傲、自豪”,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)設(shè)身處地地為他人取得的成就而感到自豪。如:You have four books published so far,I am proud for you.到目前為止,你已出版四本書了,我為你感到自豪。

■be proud of指“因……感到驕傲、自豪”,一般指因自己有了某人、某物或某成就而感到驕傲或自豪。如:

He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.他為女兒能說(shuō)四種語(yǔ)言而驕傲。

15.be strict in和be strict with

■be strict in指在某一方面或某事上對(duì)自己要求嚴(yán)格,in后接表示某事的名詞。如:

We all must be strict in our study.我們都必須在學(xué)習(xí)上嚴(yán)格要求自己。

■be strict with指對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求,with后接表示人的名詞。如:

Our teacher is very strict with all of us.我們老師對(duì)我們大家要求很嚴(yán)格。

注意:

be strict后跟反身代詞表示對(duì)某人自己嚴(yán)格要求用with,不能用in。如:

We should be strict with ourselves in our study at school.在學(xué)校我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)習(xí)上嚴(yán)格要求自己。

16.be used to和get used to

■be used to指已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于某一客觀事實(shí)或狀態(tài),并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如:

He is used to the weather here.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于這里的天氣。

■get used to指的是從不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程的轉(zhuǎn)變,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,還往往包含克服困難去適應(yīng)的意思。如:

In the end he got used to the weather here.最后他終于習(xí)慣于這里的天氣了。

注意:

be used to和get used to后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。如:

They are used to getting up early in the morning.他們已習(xí)慣于早上早起床了。

17.be used to和used to

■be used to表示“已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于干某事”,指某動(dòng)作過(guò)去不常做而現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣做了,強(qiáng)調(diào)目前的情況。to后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

The teacher is used to going to bed late in the evening.老師已習(xí)慣于晚上晚睡覺(jué)。

■used to表示“過(guò)去常常干某事”,指過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不再那樣,側(cè)重與現(xiàn)在的比較;to后用動(dòng)詞原形。如:

The woman used to help the others in troubles.那婦女過(guò)去常常幫助有困難的人。

He used to play basketball after school.他過(guò)去放學(xué)后常常打籃球。

注意:

①used to do表示“過(guò)去常常干……”;used to be 表示“過(guò)去常常是……”。如:

The old man used to be a great airplane driver.那位老人過(guò)去是一位出色的飛機(jī)駕駛員。

The young pioneers used to help the old man carry water after school.那些少先隊(duì)員過(guò)去常常在放學(xué)后幫那位老人打水。

②be used to do表示“……被用來(lái)做……”,其后的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:

Computers are used to help people do many things.電腦被用來(lái)幫助人們做很多事情。

18.borrow,lend和keep

■borrow 指從主語(yǔ)的角度“借進(jìn)、借入”,表示“從(向)……借……,自己暫時(shí)使用”,常與from連用,構(gòu)成borrow sth.from sb.句型。如:

You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以從圖書館借那本字典。

■lend 指“把……借給”,表示將自己的東西借給別人,常與to連用,構(gòu)成lend sth.to sb.句型。如:I have lent my bike to Xiao Li。我把自行車借給小李了。

■keep指借閱或保留多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,常與how long,for引起的時(shí)間連用。如:

How long may I keep the book?這本書我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

[一言辨異] I have an MP3 here,you can borrow it and keep it for two weeks,but you mustn't lend it to others.我這兒有一款MP3,你可以借去用,而且可以借用兩周,但是你不能把它借給別人。

19.bring,take,carry,fetch和get

■bring 指從別處把東西或人帶來(lái)、拿來(lái)。如:

He brought a new book with him.他帶來(lái)一本新書。

■take 指把東西帶走或拿走。如:

Please take the letter to the post office.請(qǐng)把這封信帶到郵局去。

■carry 指帶較重的東西,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的方向性。如:

Let me carry the box for you.讓我替你拿這個(gè)箱子吧。

■fetch 指到別處去把某人或某物帶來(lái)或拿來(lái),有去回雙程的意味。如:

Please fetch some chalk for me.請(qǐng)去給我拿些粉筆來(lái)。

■get 是常用詞,多用于口語(yǔ),與fetch 同義。如:

Go and get some water.去打些水來(lái)。

20.buy,afford和get

■buy指花錢購(gòu)買,側(cè)重于購(gòu)買的行為。如:

I bought a bike last week.上周我買了一輛自行車。

■afford指有足夠的錢買某物,側(cè)重于購(gòu)買者的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力。如:

I was not able to afford a new car.我買不起新車。

■get指買到某物,側(cè)重于購(gòu)買的結(jié)果。如:

She got two tickets for today's train.她買了兩張今天的火車票。

注意:

①buy是短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中不能與how long及for引起的一段時(shí)間連用。在表示某物買了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)要用have代替buy。如:

I have had the dictionary for two years.這本字典我買了兩年了。

How long have you had your bike?你的自行車買了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?

②can't afford to buy sth.意為“買不起……”;can't afford to waste sth.意為“浪費(fèi)不起”。

21.catch a cold和have a cold

■catch a cold表示“感冒”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,但不能延續(xù)。如:我們可以說(shuō)He caught a cold.他感冒了。但不可以說(shuō)He has caught a cold for two days.他感冒已兩天了。

■have a cold表示“感冒”,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),可以延續(xù),有時(shí)可以與catch a cold通用。如:

The boy often has/catches a cold.那男孩經(jīng)常感冒。

He has had a cold for three days.他已感冒三天了。

注意:

①catch a cold中的冠詞a 可以省略,而have a cold中的冠詞a則不能省略。如:

正:Be careful not to catch cold.當(dāng)心別感冒。

誤:Be careful not to have cold.當(dāng)心別感冒。

②cold前面若有形容詞修飾時(shí),catch a cold中的冠詞a則不能省去。如:

正:He seemed to have caught a very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。

誤:He seemed to have caught very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。

22.close和shut

■close常指把開著的門窗、盒子、箱子等關(guān)閉起來(lái),其反義詞是open。如:

Did you close all the doors and windows?你把所有的門窗都關(guān)上了嗎?

■shut??膳cclose互換,但shut更強(qiáng)調(diào)把門窗等關(guān)好,使不能通過(guò)或打開。如:

You should shut the door before going to bed.睡覺(jué)之前你應(yīng)當(dāng)把門關(guān)好。

注意:

①表示關(guān)閉公路、鐵路、或交通渠道時(shí),一般只用close而不用shut。如:

They've closed the road for repairs.他們已關(guān)閉這條公路,要翻修。

②下列表示語(yǔ)氣比較重或比較粗暴的句子中僅用shut,而不用close。如:

Shut up!閉嘴!

Shut the bloody door!關(guān)上那個(gè)鬼門!

He shut his eyes to the severe reality.對(duì)于這嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí),他閉著眼睛假裝看不見(jiàn)。

23.collect和gather

■collect 指有目的、有計(jì)劃、有挑選地精心收集。如:

He collected a lot of valuable stamps.他收集了許多有價(jià)值的郵票。

■gather指一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地收集,或把分散的東西集中到一塊。如:

The country girl gathered some firewood.那個(gè)農(nóng)家姑娘拾了些柴火。

24.cost,take,pay和spend

■cost表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)既可以指花費(fèi)時(shí)間,也可以指花費(fèi)金錢,句子的主語(yǔ)通常是物或事,只有主動(dòng)式,沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式。如:

The pen cost me ten yuan.這只鋼筆花了我十元錢。

The job cost a lot of time.那項(xiàng)工作花了很多的時(shí)間。

■take常用來(lái)指花費(fèi)時(shí)間,句子的主語(yǔ)通常是it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首,真正主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式放在句末。如:

It takes me three hours to go there.我去那兒需要花三個(gè)小時(shí)。

■pay指花費(fèi)金錢,句子的主語(yǔ)是人。如:

I paid 5,000 yuan for the computer.買那臺(tái)電腦我花了五千元錢。

■spend表示花費(fèi)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)通常是時(shí)間、金錢等,強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)必須是人,常用的句型有spend ...on和spend (in)doing。如:

She spent a lot of money on books.她花了很多錢買書。

She spent the whole evening (in)reading.她把整個(gè)晚上都用來(lái)讀書。

[一句多譯] 我爸爸買那輛車花了十二萬(wàn)元。

◇The car cost my father 120,000 yuan.

◇It took my father 120,000 yuan to buy the car.

◇My father paid 120,000 yuan for the car.

◇My father spent 120,000 yuan on the car.

◇My father spent 120,000 yuan buying the car.

25.die of和die from

■die of指因疾病、年老、悲傷或饑餓等而死亡。如:

The old man died of SARS.這位老人死于非典。

■die from指死于非命,即因事故等外部原因而致死。如:

Thousands of people die from traffic accidents every year.每年有成千上萬(wàn)的人死于交通事故。

26.deal with和do with

■deal with常與how連用,表示處理的方式。如:

How are you going to deal with the TV set?你打算怎么處理這臺(tái)電視機(jī)?

■do with往往與what搭配使用,表示處理的結(jié)果。如:

What are you going to do with the camera you found?你打算怎么處理你找到的那部照相機(jī)?

27.dislike和hate

■dislike指不喜歡、討厭、反感、憎惡,表示認(rèn)為某人或某物使人不愉快從而不喜歡他們,沒(méi)有hate所表達(dá)的感情強(qiáng)烈。如:

I dislike his way of talking.我不喜歡他說(shuō)話的方式。

■hate指對(duì)某人、物或行為表示極大的不滿或厭惡,有時(shí)含有敵視并傷害對(duì)方的意思。如:

We hate our enemy.我們?cè)骱尬覀兊臄橙恕?/p>

28.dress,wear,put on和have on

■dress強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作,后跟表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),只用于穿衣服,不表示穿鞋、襪或戴帽子、手套、手表等。如:

She dressed her brother every morning.她每天早上給弟弟穿衣服。

■wear強(qiáng)調(diào)穿、戴的狀態(tài),其后可以跟衣服、鞋帽、襪子、手套、手表等作賓語(yǔ)。如:

She is wearing a black jacket.今天他穿著一件黑色的夾克衫。

■put on強(qiáng)調(diào)穿、戴的動(dòng)作,后跟衣、帽、鞋、襪等作賓語(yǔ)。如:

He put on his coat and hat and went out.他穿上外套、戴上帽子,然后出去了。

■have on強(qiáng)調(diào)穿、戴的狀態(tài),相當(dāng)于wear,但have on沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

She had on a red dress that day.那天她穿著紅色的裙子。

29.find和look for

■find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”,側(cè)重“找”的結(jié)果。如:

Her lost watch was found yesterday.她丟失的手表昨天找到了。

■look for表示“尋找”,側(cè)重“找”的動(dòng)作和過(guò)程,不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如:

What are you looking for in the room?你在房間里找什么呢?

[一言辨異] My brother looked for a job everywhere,but he hasn't found one till now yet.我哥哥到處找工作,但直到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)找到。

30.forget和leave

■forget指大腦不能記起或回憶不出過(guò)去的人、事物或事情,其反義詞是remember。如:

I forgot his name.我忘記了他的名字。

■leave指因粗心而沒(méi)帶某物或把某物落在某處,其后往往有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:

I left my key at home.我把鑰匙忘在家里了。

He left his exercise book in the classroom.他把練習(xí)本忘在教室里了。

31.go to bed,go to sleep和fall asleep

■go to bed意為“去睡覺(jué)、就寢”,指上床睡覺(jué)這一動(dòng)作,但不一定睡著。如:

I used to go to bed at eleven o'clock.我過(guò)去常常在11點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。

■go to sleep意為“入睡”,指睡著了,強(qiáng)調(diào)睡覺(jué)的結(jié)果。如:

I often go to sleep very late in the evening.我晚上常常很晚才睡著。

■fall asleep與go to sleep用法相同,但fall asleep更強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)入睡眠的狀態(tài)。如:

When I visited him,he fell asleep in the chair.我去看他的時(shí)候,他在椅子上睡著了。

注意:

get to sleep,get into sleep,be asleep都有“入睡、睡著”的意思。get to sleep,get into sleep與go to sleep用法相同;be asleep與fall asleep用法相同。他們常常可以通用。

32.hanged和hung

■hang表示“絞死、吊死、上吊、處以絞刑”時(shí),它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是hanged。如:

They hanged the prisoner at dawn.拂曉時(shí)分他們絞死了犯人。

■hang表示“懸掛、吊著”時(shí),它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是hung。如:

They hung four new paintings in the foyer.他們?cè)陂T廳懸掛著四幅新的繪畫作品。

33.happen和take place

■happen為常用詞語(yǔ),指一切客觀事物或情況偶然或未能預(yù)見(jiàn)地發(fā)生。如:

The accident happened yesterday.事故發(fā)生在昨天。

■take place 指“發(fā)生事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)料到的事”。如:

The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.按計(jì)劃會(huì)議在八點(diǎn)舉行了。

34.have和there be

■have表示所屬關(guān)系,指某人或某物所有或具有。如:

I have a brother.我有個(gè)弟弟。

The table has four legs.那張桌子有四條腿。

■there be表示存在關(guān)系,指某處有某物。如:

There isn't anything interesting in today's newspaper.在今天的報(bào)紙上沒(méi)有什么有趣的東西。

注意:

①當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),have要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。如:

The girl has a digital camera.那個(gè)女孩有一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)。

②There be句型的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式是there is,there are;過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)形式是there was,there were;將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式是there will be;完成時(shí)態(tài)形式是there have been。如:

There will be a sports meeting in our school next week.下周我們學(xué)校將有一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

35.have a word with和have words with

■have a word with意思是“與……談話”,無(wú)論談話是內(nèi)容多少,word都不能使用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Are you free now?I want to have a word with you.你現(xiàn)在有空嗎?我想跟你談?wù)劇?/p>

■have words with意思是“與……吵架”,在表示這個(gè)意思時(shí),word必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Fangfang had words with her husband again yesterday.芳芳昨天又和她丈夫吵架了。

注意:

have words with sb.等于quarrel with sb.都是“與某人吵架”的意思。

36.hear和listen to

■hear及物動(dòng)詞,表示“聽見(jiàn)、聽到”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果,不一定是有意識(shí)地聽。如:

I heard someone knocking at the door just now.剛才我聽到有人在敲門。

■listen to是指有意識(shí)地“聽”,但不一定能聽見(jiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的行為。如:

Please listen to the teacher carefully in class.在課堂上請(qǐng)認(rèn)真聽老師講課。

[一言辨異] I listened to them carefully outside the door,but heard nothing.我在門外仔細(xì)地聽了聽,但什么也沒(méi)聽到。

37.hope和wish

■hope意為“希望、盼望”,指實(shí)現(xiàn)某一愿望有把握或有信心。hope后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式或從句作賓語(yǔ),不能直接跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能見(jiàn)到你。

I hope that you will come tomorrow.我希望你明天來(lái)。

■wish意為“希望、愿望”,一般用于“難以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望”,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的主觀愿望,指“希望、愿、想”;wish還常用于祝賀句中。如:

I wish I could have a new car.我多么希望有一輛新車。

We wish you a safe journey.祝你一路平安。

38.influence和affect

■influence指通過(guò)說(shuō)服、舉例等對(duì)他人的行為、思想、性格等方面所產(chǎn)生的、不易覺(jué)察到的、潛移默化的影響,也可指自然力的影響。如:

What you read influences your thinking.你讀的東西對(duì)你的思想有影響。

■affect指產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)或發(fā)生變化,著重“影響”的動(dòng)作,主語(yǔ)通常是物而不是人,指一事物對(duì)另一事物產(chǎn)生的消極影響。如:

This article will affect my thinking.這篇文章將會(huì)影響我的思想。

39.join,attend和take part in

■join指參加某個(gè)組織并成為該組織中的一個(gè)成員。如:

He joined the Party last year.他是去年入黨的。

■attend指出席,參加某場(chǎng)合,著重指動(dòng)作。如attend a meeting出席會(huì)議;attend a lecture聽演講,聽課;attend a wedding參加婚禮。

■take part in常用來(lái)指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng),并在活動(dòng)中起一定作用。如:

They took part in the game last Friday.上星期五他們參加了那項(xiàng)比賽。

注意:

join表示參加游戲等活動(dòng)時(shí),其后要加介詞in,如join in a game參加游戲。

40.leave和leave for

■leave意為“離開”,指從……走出或遠(yuǎn)離,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后的名詞就是離開的地方。如:I left the school last month.我上個(gè)月離開了那所學(xué)校。

■leave for意為“動(dòng)身去某地,前往某地”,強(qiáng)調(diào)離開的目的是為了去某地,leave for后的名詞不是離開的地點(diǎn),而是要去的地方。如:

I'm going to leave for the school this afternoon.今天下午我要去那所學(xué)校。

注意:

表示“離開某地去某地”用leave ...for ...。如:

Her father left the city for Shanghai yesterday.她父親昨天離開這座城市去了上海。

41.Let's和Let us

■Let's 指向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,勸誘對(duì)方一同做某事,即“咱們?nèi)プ瞿呈掳伞?,?qiáng)調(diào)我們做,對(duì)方也一起做;反意疑問(wèn)句用shall we。如:

Let's have a rest,shall we?咱們休息一下,好嗎?

■Let us指向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許,即“讓(或允許)我們做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方不做,我們做;反意疑問(wèn)句用will you。如:

Let us have a rest,will you?讓我們休息一下,好嗎?

42.like,love,enjoy和be fond of

■like指單純地對(duì)某人或某一事物感興趣或有好感,并經(jīng)?;蚍e極去參與。其后可以跟名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如:

I like English.我喜歡英語(yǔ)。

He likes reading aloud.他喜歡大聲朗讀。

■love 包含一定的感情色彩,意為“愛(ài)、熱愛(ài)、(深深地)喜歡”,其后可以跟名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如:

We love our motherland.我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。

The boy is a football fan and he loves watching football matches very much.那男孩是個(gè)足球迷,他很喜歡看足球比賽。

■enjoy表示“喜愛(ài)、喜歡”,側(cè)重于“欣賞、享受……的樂(lè)趣”,其后只接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式。如:

The old man enjoys fishing.那位老人喜歡釣魚。

Mary enjoyed the gift from her boyfriend.瑪麗非常喜歡她男朋友給的禮物。

■be fond of表示“喜歡、愛(ài)好、喜好”,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某事有深厚的情感,近乎于嗜好、酷愛(ài)的程度。其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

He is fond of sweet food.他喜愛(ài)甜食。

注意:

love表示“喜歡”的意思時(shí),一般不用于否定句;love用于否定句時(shí)意為“愛(ài)”。如:

She likes him,but she doesn't love him.她喜歡他,但是她不愛(ài)他。

43.look,see和watch

■look表示“看、望”是不及物動(dòng)詞,指有意識(shí)地集中精力看,但不一定看見(jiàn)或不強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果。其后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要加介詞at。如:

She looked at me with a smile.他微笑地看著我。

■see意為“看見(jiàn)、看到”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。其后可直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:

I saw him standing at the gate.我看見(jiàn)他站在門口。

■watch意思是“觀看、注視”,指全神貫注地看??措娨?、看戲、看比賽、看實(shí)驗(yàn)以及各種表演、場(chǎng)面等一般用watch。如:

They watch TV only on Sunday evening.他們只在星期六晚上看電視。

They are watching a football match.他們?cè)诳醋闱虮荣悺?/p>

注意:

表示“看書、看報(bào)、看書信、看刊物、看雜志”等要用read;“看醫(yī)生”要用see。

44.pay,pay for和pay ...for

■pay意為“付款,付給,支付”,表示支付某物的費(fèi)用或把錢付給某人,其后的賓語(yǔ)可以是金錢、賬單及各種費(fèi)用等,也可以是人。如:

Who will pay our traveling expense?誰(shuí)來(lái)付我們的旅行費(fèi)?

He hasn't paid the mobile phone bill yet this month.他還沒(méi)有交這個(gè)月的手機(jī)費(fèi)。

■pay for意為“付……的錢,為……付款”,表示為所買的東西或其他費(fèi)用付款。其后的賓語(yǔ)是物或事等。如:

How much did you pay for the book?那本書你付了多少錢?

I have paid for the meal.飯錢我已經(jīng)付過(guò)了。

■pay ...for意為“為……付款,付給(某人)……的費(fèi)用”,表示為某物或某事支付……費(fèi)用,或?yàn)槟呈禄蚰澄锔督o某人款,常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有①pay some money for sth. ;②pay sb.some money for sth. ;③pay sb. for sth. 。如:

I paid ten yuan for the English book.我花了10元錢買那本英語(yǔ)書。

He paid me 20 yuan for the dictionary.為那本字典他給了我20元。

When will you pay us for the work?你什么時(shí)候付給我們工錢?

45.say,speak,tell和talk

■say意思是“說(shuō)、說(shuō)出、說(shuō)道”,著重說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容,多用作及物動(dòng)詞。如:

He said thanks to the young man.他對(duì)那個(gè)年輕人說(shuō)謝謝。

I have something to say.我有話要說(shuō)。

■speak 著重講話這一動(dòng)作本身,既可指系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)篇講話,又可指簡(jiǎn)單的開口發(fā)言,但不注重說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。如:

The baby is learning to speak.那個(gè)嬰兒在學(xué)說(shuō)話。

Our monitor will speak at the meeting.我們的班長(zhǎng)將要在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

■tell是及物動(dòng)詞,有“告訴、講……”的意思。既注重說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容,又有告訴的對(duì)象,因此tell后常跟雙賓語(yǔ)。如:

He told her that the dress was sold.他告訴她說(shuō)那件衣服賣掉了。

注意: tell a story意為“講故事”。

■talk側(cè)重與人交談時(shí)的連貫說(shuō)話,指雙方之間的相互交談。如:

I'm talking to a friend.我正在與朋友談話。

46.think of,think about和think over

■think of表示“想到、想起、想出、記得”,指對(duì)以前事情的回憶或?qū)π碌氖挛锏奶岢?,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

I can't think of his name at the moment.我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。

Can you think of a good way to spend our holiday?你能想出好的方法來(lái)度過(guò)我們的假期嗎?

■think about意思是“考慮”,指對(duì)某事的思考與反思,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如:

Everyone is thinking about his or her future.每個(gè)人都在考慮自己的未來(lái)。

I'm thinking about changing my job.我正在考慮換一個(gè)工作。

■think over表示“仔細(xì)考慮、仔細(xì)琢磨”,含有對(duì)某問(wèn)題動(dòng)腦筋,努力而深入思考的意味。如:Please think over what I've said to you.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)想想我對(duì)你說(shuō)的話。

We should think the plan over before we carry it out.我們應(yīng)該先認(rèn)真做好計(jì)劃再實(shí)施。

注意:

think of在疑問(wèn)句中與what連用,構(gòu)成What do you think of ...?句型,表示“你覺(jué)得……怎么樣?”與How do you like ...?句型同義。如:

What do you think of the movie?你覺(jué)得那部電影怎么樣?

How do you like the bike?你覺(jué)得這輛自行車怎么樣?

47.turn on,turn off,turn up和turn down

■turn on表示“打開、旋開”,指打開自來(lái)水、燃?xì)獾鹊拈_關(guān)及電燈、電視、收音機(jī)、電閘、電冰箱等電器的開關(guān)。如:

Don't turn on the radio.The baby is sleeping.小孩在睡覺(jué),不要把收音機(jī)打開。

■turn off表示“關(guān)上”,指關(guān)上自來(lái)水、燃?xì)獾鹊拈_關(guān)及電燈、電視、收音機(jī)、電閘、電冰箱等電器的開關(guān)。如:

Turn off the light when you leave the room.離開房間時(shí)關(guān)上燈。

■turn up表示“開大”,指把收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)、音響等的聲音調(diào)大,或把電燈等的亮度調(diào)高,自來(lái)水的流量開大等。如:

I can't hear a word.Please turn up the TV.我一句話也聽不見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)把電視聲音調(diào)大一些。

■turn down表示“關(guān)小、調(diào)低”,指把收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)、音響等的聲音關(guān)小,或把電燈等的亮度調(diào)低,自來(lái)水的流量關(guān)小等。如:

Would you please turn down the water?We shouldn't waste water.請(qǐng)把水關(guān)小點(diǎn)好嗎?我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)浪費(fèi)水。

注意:

這些短語(yǔ)中的on,off,up,down都是副詞,后接代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)放在詞組的中間,后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在詞組的后面,有時(shí)候也可放在詞組的中間。如:

The radio is too loud.Can you turn it down a little?收音機(jī)聲音太大,你能關(guān)小一點(diǎn)嗎?

48.wake up和wake ...up

■wake up是自身的動(dòng)作,表示某人自己從熟睡中或睡夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)。如:

I usually wake up at six o'clock in the morning.我通常早上六點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。

■wake ...up中間接表示人的名詞或代詞,意為“把某人叫醒、弄醒、喚醒”,wake后是被叫醒的人。如:Please wake your father up when you get up.你起床后請(qǐng)把你父親叫醒。

【中考速遞】

1.[云南中考考題] As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our China Dream will _____.

A.come true B.come out

C.come up D.come down

2.[吉林中考考題] Many parents have to _____ early to make breakfast for their kids.

A.get up B.stay up C.give up

3.[青海西寧中考考題] Please _____ the water when you brush your teeth.

A.turn down B.turn off C.turn on D.turn up

4.[湖北荊州中考考題] — Could you _____ me your bike,Tom?

— OK.And you can _____ it for a week.

A.lend;keep B.borrow;lend

C.lend;borrow D.borrow;keep

5.[遼寧丹東中考考題] — Let's go out for dinner.

— Great!But Clean-Up Day is two weeks from now.We can't _____ making a plan.

A.take off B.see off C.put off D.cut off

6.[湖北黃岡中考考題] — I'm sorry,Mr.Hu.I _____ my English exercise book at home.

— It doesn't matter.Please remember _____ it here this afternoon.

A.forgot;to bring B.left;to take

C.forgot;to take D.left;to bring

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案:A 句意:只要所有的中國(guó)人團(tuán)結(jié)在一起,我們的中國(guó)夢(mèng)就會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。come true實(shí)現(xiàn);come out 出版,發(fā)行;come up上來(lái);come down下來(lái)。由句意可知選A。

2.答案:A 句意:許多家長(zhǎng)不得不早起給他們的孩子做早餐。get up起床;stay up熬夜;give up放棄。由句意可知選A。

3.答案:B 句意:你刷牙時(shí)請(qǐng)關(guān)上水。turn down關(guān)?。徽{(diào)低;turn off關(guān)掉,關(guān)閉;turn on 打開;turn up開大。由句意可知選B。

4.答案:A 句意:“你可以借給我你的自行車嗎,湯姆?”“可以。你可以借一周?!?lend 借出;borrow借入;keep保存。由句意可知第一空用lend;由答語(yǔ)中for a week可知第二空用keep,故選A。

5.答案:C 句意:“我們?nèi)コ酝盹埌?。”“太好了!但是清掃日距現(xiàn)在只有兩周了。我們不能推遲制定計(jì)劃。” take off脫下;起飛;set off送行;put off推遲,拖延;cut off切除。由句意可知選C。

6.答案:D 句意:“對(duì)不起,胡先生,我把英語(yǔ)練習(xí)本忘在家里了?!薄皼](méi)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)記著下午帶來(lái)。”“把某物遺忘在某處”用“l(fā)eave sth.+地點(diǎn)”;表示“帶來(lái)”用bring。故選D。

【語(yǔ)法專練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[山東臨沂] Before stamps,people didn't _____ for the letters they sent,but for the letters they received.

A.pay B.cost C.spend D.take

2.[貴州銅仁] — Remember to _____ the lights when you leave the room.

— OK!I will.

A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down

3.[黑龍江龍東] My grandfather _____ live in the countryside,but now he _____ living in the city.

A.used to;used to B.got used to;gets used to

C.used to;gets used to

4.[福建廈門] — I've made much progress in grammar.The ideas you _____ worked out fine.

— Glad I could help.

A.came up with B.ran out of C.looked up to

5.[新疆烏魯木齊] This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to _____ at Hongshan stop and take BRT Line 1.

A.take off B.put off C.get off D.get out

6.[湖北荊州] — Mum,I have nothing to do in my free time but do homework.

— My dear,you should _____ a hobby like drawing or taking photos.

A.take up B.make up C.set up D.put up

7.[廣西貴港] — When will Mr.Green _____ Beijing?

— In a week.

A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come

8.[山東濟(jì)南] More and more people have realized that we shouldn't _____ the ancient buildings in cities.

A.get off B.put off C.cut down D.pull down

9.[湖北隨州] — Don't _____ late,Betty.You have to go to school early tomorrow.

— OK,Mom.I'll go to bed right now.

A.put up B.stay up C.sit down D.fall down

10.[呼和浩特] — Jack,could you help me _____ when the plane will take off on the Internet?

— I'm sorry,but my computer doesn't work.

A.get out B.look out C.take out D.find out

11.[山東威海] Their football team was _____ in that important game.

A.won B.beaten C.failed

12.[河北考題] We need to do some research to _____ the answer.

A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out

13.[湖北黃岡] — You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.

— Sorry,I will _____ my cigarette right now.

A.give up B.put down C.put out D.give away

14.[江蘇南京] It took me almost a whole day to _____ so many emails.

A.deal with B.cut in C.cheer for D.run out

15.[甘肅蘭州] You can _____ new words in your e-dictionary.

A.look up B.look at C.look for D.look around

【答案速遞】

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.A


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