初中英語語法：Be 的四功能

　　Be 的四功能

　　be是一個(gè)多功能動(dòng)詞，在初級(jí)英語里可見四種用法：

　　功能一，系動(dòng)詞be

　　be為連系動(dòng)詞，中心詞義是"是"，句型為"主+系+表"結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式);was, were(過去式);will/can/may/must be(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形);have/has/had been(助動(dòng)詞+過去分詞)等。如：

　　To help animals is helping people.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過去時(shí))

　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來時(shí))

　　She has been ill for over a week.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

　　功能二，助動(dòng)詞be

　　助動(dòng)詞be，無詞義，輔助主要?jiǎng)釉~一起在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞。用法如下：

　　1. be+doing：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.

　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

　　2. be+done：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，done必須是及物動(dòng)詞)。如：

　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　This building was built three years ago.(一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　3. be+going to do，表示"打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈?quot;，be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式。如：

　　We are going to plant trees in the park.

　　I didn't know if she was going to come here.

　　4. be+to do，表示"按計(jì)劃安排將要做某事"。如：

　　The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.

　　One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.

　　功能三，there be

　　there be句式為：there be+主語部分+狀語部分，表示"某處存在某物"，be常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)等。如：

　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.

　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.

　　Will there be a football match in your school next week?

　　功能四，實(shí)義be

　　可以將be視為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗哂袑?shí)際的詞義，如"成為;做;發(fā)生;舉行;逗留;到達(dá)"等。如：

　　His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.

　　Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.

　　Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.

　　there be中考知識(shí)點(diǎn)掃描

　　there be結(jié)構(gòu)作為初中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)句型，在教育部新頒布的《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中，作為簡單句的基本句型列入其中，在各地中考試卷中也頻頻亮相。

　　考點(diǎn)一：對(duì)there be基本理念的考查

　　1.—What did you see on the desk then?

　　—There ________ a bottle of orange.

　　[03北京宣武區(qū)]

　　A. was B. were C. has D. had

　　2. There ________ an English film here tomorrow. [04武漢]

　　A. has B. is going to be C. will have

　　3. There used to have few tall buildings around our village. (找錯(cuò)并改正)

　　A 　B 　C 　D

　　[03陜西]

　　4.—What’s on the plate?

　　—There ________ some bread on it.

　　[03吉林]

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　[掃描1]

　　根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間狀語或上下文暗示、銜接等，在初中階段be的形式不外乎有這么幾種：

　?、佻F(xiàn)在時(shí)(is / are)、過去時(shí)(was / were)、將來時(shí)(will be)、完成時(shí)(have / has / had been);

　　②可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，組成there +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的形式，表推測(cè)語氣;

　?、劭膳cseem, appear, used to等狀態(tài)詞連用，構(gòu)成there seems / appears / used to be...;

　　答案要點(diǎn)：

　　1.題中的問句用了過去時(shí)，又因?yàn)榇鹫Z中為“一瓶桔子汁”，故答案為A。

　　2.題中有一個(gè)表示將來的tomorrow，又因?yàn)閠here be的形式中不能用助動(dòng)詞have，故答案為B。

　　3.題錯(cuò)誤之處為C，應(yīng)改為be。

　　4.題中some bread為不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)選A。

　　考點(diǎn)二：考查there be句型的臨近一致性

　　1. There ________ a pencil on the desk and you may use it. [03北京石景山區(qū)]

　　A. is B. are C. was D. were

　　2. There ________ two knives in the pencilbox. [03哈爾濱]

　　A. are B. be C. is D. am

　　3. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ mine. [04蘭州]

　　A. is;are B. is;is C. are;is D. are;are

　　[掃描2]

　　be的形式受后面靠近它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上的制約，必須采取就近原則，與臨近的主語保持一致，必須看清楚there后跟的是可數(shù)名詞，還是不可數(shù)名詞。還必須注意既有可數(shù)名詞又有不可數(shù)名詞的時(shí)候，be的形式的臨近一致性。如:There is a bag of rice, two baskets of apples and three people under the tree.

　　答案要點(diǎn)：

　　1. a pencil為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，可從A、C中選，又從and you may use it可以得出，選擇A。

　　2.句中有two knives，名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。

　　3. a pair of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，而shoes是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為A。

　　考點(diǎn)三：考查there be和have/has表示“有”的含義時(shí)的區(qū)別

　　1. There ________ two pictures on the wall.

　　[03北京大興區(qū)]

　　A. is B. have C. are D. has

　　2. There ________ a football game in our school next week. [03新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)]

　　A. has B. is going to be C. have D. is going to have

　　3. There________ a football match on TV this evening. [04陜西]

　　A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have

　　4. There is going to have a football match next Friday afternoon.

　　A 　　　B 　　　　　　　　　C 　　　D

　　(找錯(cuò)并改正)[04南京]

　　[掃描3]

　　英語中表示“有”的含義時(shí)可以用there be句型,也可以用have/has(got)表達(dá)，但二者在用法上有根本的區(qū)別：

　　there be句型表示存在，即某處有某物;have/has (got)表示所有、擁有，即某人(物)有……。如：

　　They have a beautiful home.

　　I’ve got an idea.

　　在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has替代。

　　答案要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)以上分析可得：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B(應(yīng)把have改成be)

　　考點(diǎn)四：考查there be的反意疑問句

　　1. There is a beautiful clock on the wall, ________? [03桂林]

　　A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it

　　2. There is little milk in the bottle, ________? [03廣東]

　　A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there

　　3. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ________ ________?(完成反意疑問句) [03哈爾濱]

　　[掃描4]

　　there be句型的反意疑問句必須用there進(jìn)行反問，這時(shí)需要注意的是there be句型中是否有seldom, hardly, little, few, no, nothing, nobody之類的否定詞或半否定詞，若有，則該部分應(yīng)看成是否定的，反意疑問部分必須用肯定式。如果there be中帶有否定的前綴的詞，則該部分應(yīng)看成肯定式，反意疑問部分仍要用否定形式。如: There was an unusual bike under the tree, wasn’t there?

　　答案要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)掃描4可得，1. A 2. D 3. was there

相關(guān)閱讀：
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞不定式