全新英語語法·小學(xué)篇:二、陳述句的否定式

二、陳述句的否定式

表示否定意義的句子叫否定句，陳述句有兩種否定形式：

（一）在be動詞、助動詞 will/shall/should ...和情態(tài)動詞can，must ...后加not，便構(gòu)成否定結(jié)構(gòu)

I'm not playing with my pet dog.我沒有與我的寵物狗玩。

This isn't my T-shirt.Those aren't my trousers.這不是我的襯衫，那些不是我的褲子。

Tom wasn't on the playground.His friends weren't，either.湯姆不在操場上，他的朋友也不在那里。

I am busy tonight，so I won't go to the Christmas party with you.我今晚很忙，不能和你一起去圣誕晚會了。

You have an earache.You shouldn't listen to loud music.你耳朵疼，不能聽很響的音樂。

The crow can't drink the water，because the bottle is too long and thin.因為瓶子又長又細(xì)，烏鴉喝不到水。

Children mustn't play with fire.It's dangerous.孩子們不能玩火，因為很危險。

not和其他詞構(gòu)成的省略形式：

is not=isn't are not=aren't （am not沒有縮寫形式）

was not=wasn't were not=weren't

do not=don't does not=doesn't did not=didn't

have not=haven't has not=hasn't

will not=won't shall not=shan't can not=can't=cannot

must not=mustn't need not=needn't

（二）若謂語動詞為行為動詞，前面沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，在謂語動詞前加do not（一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)加does not，一般過去時加did not）來構(gòu)成否定，動詞全部使用原形

They want to fly a kite.　否：They don't want to fly a kite.

Jack likes dancing.　否：Jack doesn't like dancing.

Tom cleaned his room yesterday.　否：Tom didn't clean his room yesterday.

注：have/has的否定式

（三）1.have/has的否定式

have/has表示“所有”時有兩種表達(dá)方法，have=have got，has=has got

I have a bicycle.=I have got a bicycle.

He has a ruler.=He has got a ruler.

但在表示否定句的時候：

I have a bicycle.　否：I don't have a bicycle.

I have got a bicycle.　否：I haven't got a bicycle.

He has a ruler.　否：He doesn't have a ruler.

He has got a ruler.　否：He hasn't got a ruler.

2.have/has不表示“有”，表示實意動詞的時候，構(gòu)成否定句時需要加助動詞（don't/doesn't）

I have an English class at 10：00.　否：I don't have an English class at 10：00.

Tom has a headache.　否：Tom doesn't have a headache.

They have tea in the garden.　否：They don't have tea in the garden.

The boy has a sandwich for breakfast.　否：The boy doesn't have a sandwich for breakfast.

（四）帶有否定意義的詞never，no，neither，nothing，nobody，none，few，little，hardly，seldom構(gòu)成的句子，本身已經(jīng)具有否定意義，不應(yīng)再加否定詞

Tom never drinks milk.湯姆從來不喝牛奶。

Lucy hardly does exercises.Lucy幾乎不鍛煉。

Nobody is in the classroom.沒有人在教室里。

There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里有很少的水。

Neither of the my parents likes this movie.我父母都不喜歡這部電影。

（五）祈使句的否定形式見祈使句章節(jié)

（六）其他否定詞no，never，seldom，hardly也可構(gòu)成否定式。

I have no water.我沒有水。

I know nothing about it.我什么都不知道。

There are few students on the playground.操場上幾乎沒有學(xué)生。

He hardly drinks milk.他幾乎不喝牛奶。

Tips：

not any=no

I don't have any water.=I have no water.

He doesn't have any milk.=He has no milk.

There aren't any girls in the classroom.=There are no girls in the classroom.

I can't smell anything.=I smell nothing.

I didn't see anything in the dark.=I saw nothing in the dark.

（七）含有always，often，much，many等詞的肯定句變否定的時候，應(yīng)將這些詞分別改成never，seldom，little，few，如：

He always asks Mum for money.　否：He never asks Mum for money.

It often snows here in winter.　否：It seldom snows here in winter.

I have much homework today.　否：I have little homework today.

Tips：

在否定句中，連接同等成分的連詞一般不用and，而用or；不能譯為“或”，而要譯成“也不”、“和”。

I don't have a pen or a pencil.我既沒有鋼筆也沒有鉛筆。

There is no air or water on the moon.月亮上既沒有空氣也沒有水。

Don't eat or drink on the underground.在地鐵上不要吃東西，也不要喝飲料。

The little boy can't read or write German.這個小男孩既不會讀也不會寫德文。

Exercises

11.1 Think and write （把下列句子改成否定句）

1.I've got a new school bag.

____________________________________

2.You should go.

____________________________________

3.Jerry does exercises in the morning.

____________________________________

4.We'll be late.

____________________________________

5.We did our homework yesterday.

____________________________________

6.He speaks German.

____________________________________

7.It rained last night.

____________________________________

8.I drank the milk.

____________________________________

9.My sister can play the piano very well.

____________________________________

10.Mary has a new tennis racket.

____________________________________

11.We have a party in the classroom.

____________________________________

12.Mary is planting flowers in the garden.

____________________________________

11.2 Read and complete （用動詞的否定式isn't/haven't/don't/can't等完成句子）

1.They aren't rich.They ____ got much money.

2.—Would you like something to drink？

—No，thank you.I ____ thirsty.

3.I ____ find my cell phone.Have you seen it？

4.Frank ____ write letters very often.He prefers to use the phone.

5.We can walk to the underground station from here.It ____ very far.

6.—Where's Cici？She ____ in the classroom.

—I ____ know.

7.Be careful！____ fall.

8.We saw Transformers ：The Last Knight last night，but we ____ like the film very much.

9.I have an iPhone，but I ____ have an iPad.

10.Julie ____ be here tomorrow.She's in Hong Kong.

11.—Who broke the vase？—Not me.I ____ do it.

12.George wants to change his job.He ____ like his job.

11.3 Think and write （你問Gary一些問題，他的回答總是“Yes”或“No”。根據(jù)Gary的情況寫出相應(yīng)的肯定句或否定句）

1.Gary is not married.

2.____________________________.

3.____________________________.

4.____________________________.

5.____________________________.

6.____________________________.

7.____________________________.

8.____________________________.

9.____________________________.

10.___________________________.

11.___________________________.

12.___________________________.

11.4 Read and complete （用any或no+下列詞語之一完成句子）

answer　difference　problems　friends　furniture

money　photographs　film　question　heating

1.Everything was OK.There were no problems .

2.They want to go on holidays but they've got ____.

3.I'm not going to answer ________.

4.He's always alone.He's got ________.

5.There is ____ between these two machines.

They're the same.

6.There wasn't ____ in the room.It was empty.

7.I tried to phone you yesterday but there was ____.

8.The house is cold because there isn't ____.

9.I can't take ____.There's ____ in the camera.