少兒英語順口溜：賓語從句

賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風(fēng)采。

展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關(guān)。

主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變。

陳述請你選that，疑問需用if/whether連。

特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。

三關(guān)過后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點需注意。

留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間。

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[歌訣解碼]

一、三姊妹

賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：

1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

二、三關(guān)

1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)

如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。

2. 語序關(guān)

①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：

Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 時態(tài)關(guān)

①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：

I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

②如果主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如：

He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點的使用

1. 從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致;如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致;如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號;主句是疑問句，用問號。如：

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

四、兩副面孔

if和when既能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(時間狀語從句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句)

五、從句的簡化

1. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?