英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法順口溜：主謂一致

　　英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法順口溜：主謂一致

　　主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)數(shù)一致，就近語(yǔ)法和意義

　　就近一致

　　故事：就近有一只貓和三百只老鼠在玩耍，在我看來(lái)，或者貓或者老鼠是要死的，可實(shí)際上，貓既沒(méi)有把老鼠吃掉，老鼠也沒(méi)有把貓整死，在長(zhǎng)期的進(jìn)化中，不僅是貓而且老鼠也知道了友善，他們彼此和諧相處了。不是貓，而是老鼠認(rèn)為世界該變一變了。

　　譯文：There is a cat and three mice playing in the yard.

　　解析：there be 句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其中be的數(shù)的變化取決于最臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。例如：

　　Is there a banana and seven apples on the table?

　　譯文：In my view, either cat or mice are to die in the stuggle.

　　解析：either…or…或者…或者…,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨就近的一個(gè)。例如：

　　Either he or I am to be responsible for the accident.

　　譯文：But , to my surprise, neither mice nor cat dies.

　　解析：neither…nor…既不…也不…,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨就近的一個(gè)。例如：

　　Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.

　　譯文：In the long run, they have become friendly to each other. Not cat but mice believe the world should change.

　　解析：not…but….不是…而是…. ,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨就近的一個(gè)。例如：

　　Neither the students nor the teacher runs away in the earthquake.

　　(符合就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有there be, not…but…, not only…but also…, or…or…, neither…nor…)

　　記憶：

　　就近有個(gè)人在叫賣(mài)，不是老頭而是老太;

　　不僅賣(mài)瓜而且賣(mài)菜，或者現(xiàn)錢(qián)或者放債，

　　既沒(méi)有車(chē)也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送。

　　語(yǔ)法一致

　　故事：三國(guó)時(shí)候有一套馬車(chē)金壁輝煌，它的美吸引了每一個(gè)國(guó)王，每一個(gè)國(guó)王，還有他的大臣們不止一次地想擁有這套馬車(chē)，很多種方法都被他們嘗試過(guò)了，但艱苦努力都是徒勞，當(dāng)時(shí)有99%的人口都反對(duì)把車(chē)讓給國(guó)王，因?yàn)橹挥杏率繌堬w，才是唯一有資格擁有這輛馬車(chē)的人。只要這輛馬車(chē)一跑，就會(huì)趟起大量的塵土。

　　譯文：There was a cart and horse in the Three Kingdom Period, which was very splendid.

　　解析：

　　由and連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)，不是指同一個(gè)人、同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)表示同一個(gè)人，同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式，如果名詞前要加冠詞，往往在第一個(gè)名詞前才用，第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞修飾。常見(jiàn)的有bread and butter, war and peace, a knife and fork， a cart and horse等。如：

　　(1)Fire and water don’t agree.

　　(2) The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.

　　(3) Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.

　　譯文：Every king was attracted by its beauty.

　　解析：

　　兩個(gè)并列名詞分別由every，each, many a, no等修飾，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。如：

　　(4)Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.

　　(5) Many a boy and many girl made the same mistake in the exercise.

　　(6) No man and no animal is on the moon.

　　譯文：The king, together with his ministers wanted more than once to own the horse and cart.

　　解析：

　　主語(yǔ)后面接有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, in addition to, like , except, but, including, besides等詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

　　(7)Professor Brown with a group of students was doing experiments at that time.

　　(8)Our head teacher, along with his students is going to play football this weekend.

　　譯文：Many a way was tried by them.

　　解析：

　　“more than one + 單數(shù)名詞(不止一個(gè)……)”，“many a(許多)”雖然表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與單數(shù)名詞保持一致，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)。如：

　　(9)More than one person was present at the meeting.

　　(10)Many a student has passed the exam.

　　譯文：But hard working was in vain.

　　解析：

　　不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　(11)Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.

　　(12)When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

　　譯文：99% of the population were against the king’s ownership of the cart and horse.

　　解析：

　　百分?jǐn)?shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù)) + of + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(或不可數(shù)名詞)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);百分?jǐn)?shù) (或分?jǐn)?shù)) + of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　(13)Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.

　　(14) More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

　　譯文：Zhang Fei was the only one of the people who had the right to own the cart and horse.

　　解析：

　　在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。在先行詞前有one of修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞保持一致;在先行詞前有the only one of, the very one of 等修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與one保持一致，用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如：

　　(15)The man who wants to see you is waiting for you at the gate.

　　(16)He was one of the men in the office who were invited to the ball.

　　(17)He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.

　　譯文：Huge quantities of dirt were raised by the cart as long as the horse ran.

　　large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(18)Huge quantities of good earth has been blown away in this area.

　　意義一致

　　故事：受傷的人們都戴著眼鏡，正在看《一千零一夜》的故事，這時(shí)，從遠(yuǎn)處來(lái)了一群牛，牛背上馱著家具，這些家具值3萬(wàn)美元，這可是一大筆錢(qián)啊。

　　譯文：The wounded were wearing glasses.

　　解析：

　　“the + 形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”，如：the rich, the poor, the blind, the old, the injured, the wounded做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示具體的某類(lèi)人或事，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　The rich make the poor slaves.

　　The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.

　　.表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡)　trousers,　clothes，pincers, tongs 夾鉗 shears，sessiors 剪子。使用這些詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì)，雙);　suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers，這時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。

　　A pair of glasses is necessary to the near-sighted.眼鏡對(duì)近視眼患者很有必要。

　　譯文：They are reading “the Arabian Nights”.

　　解析：

　　以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，用在句子中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

　　a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。

　　b. news 是不可數(shù)名詞。

　　c.國(guó)家名稱(chēng)the United States，the United Nations，應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

　　The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。

　　d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。

　　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

　　<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。

　　“New York Times” is a very influencial paper.紐約時(shí)報(bào)是一份很有影響的報(bào)紙。

　　譯文：Just then, a herd of cattle came from the distance, with furniture on their backs, which was worth 30’000 dollars.

　　解析：

　　集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。

　　如：people　police　cattle audience jewellery clothing

　　等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people，a police，a cattle，

　　英文中還有些單詞，可以看作是一個(gè)整體，這時(shí)是單數(shù)，也可以看作是很多個(gè)體，這時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)的概念。例如：class(班;全班同學(xué)), team(隊(duì);全體隊(duì)員), family(家庭;全家人)等。

　　My class often wins first in the competition.

　　My class are all girl students.

　　The family lives happily.

　　The family all like potatoes and tomatoes.

　　以下一些詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)處理。furniture equipment

　　譯文：30’000 dollars is a big sum of money.

　　解析：

　　表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常?？醋饕粋€(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單。如

　　(1)Another three years has passed.

　　(2) Thirty-six thousand francs is a big sum for the couple to pay off.