英文語(yǔ)法雜談：虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （三）

　　3.1　祝愿

　　1.　May you be happy. (注意那個(gè)be ) 祝你幸福。

　　2.　May you have a good time.

　　3.　May the friendship between us last long,

　　4.　Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快!

　　3.2　命令

　　注意：1.命令虛擬語(yǔ)氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(yǔ)(也就是you)。

　　2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：!

　　3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go

　　4.否定形式的命令語(yǔ)氣，可用助動(dòng)詞 do，加上 not。

　　1.　Work !

　　2.　Work harder !

　　3.　Be more alert ! (虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞Be)

　　4.　You go out !

　　5.　Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

　　6.　Don't be afraid. (口語(yǔ)中常用don't 代替do not)

　　四、在現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)句里，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verb)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(could,might,should,would)表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮、委婉等：

　　1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.

　　(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would,表示客氣有禮)

　　2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)

　　五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：

　　5.1 在wish后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣賓語(yǔ)從句(可省略它的that)：

　　表示：a.和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反;

　　b.和過去的事實(shí)相反;

　　c.對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望。

　　5.1.1 現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)：

　　1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.

　　(wish, 動(dòng)詞過去式 knew)

　　我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.

　　(wish, were)

　　但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)

　　3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)

　　但愿我是只小鳥。(事實(shí)上不可能,難道是鳥人?呵呵)

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.

　　(wished, 過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家)

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.

　　(wishes,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood)

　　現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂)

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.

　　(will wish, 過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄?

　　5.1.2 過去情況的虛擬，從句動(dòng)詞用"had + 過去分詞"(時(shí)間上較前):

　　1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

　　我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)

　　2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

　　他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)

　　3. We wished he had spoken to us.

　　(wished，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講)

　　4. I wish you had called earlier.

　　(wish，had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了)

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

　　(will wish,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此)

　　5.1.3 將來(lái)情況的虛擬(表示將來(lái)的主觀愿望)，從句動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形”(時(shí)間上較后)

　　1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop)

　　我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)

　　2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

　　我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢)

　　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

　　你希望她第二天會(huì)到。(事實(shí)上她還沒到)

　　4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

　　我希望她會(huì)改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔)

　　5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

　　(只是希望我們和他在一起，實(shí)際上還沒在一起)

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣的相關(guān)語(yǔ)法(Subjunctive Mood)