新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化

　　1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞

　　主格 I we you you she/he/it they

　　賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

　　代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

　　名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

　　be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are

　　be動(dòng)詞過去時(shí) was were were were was were

　　2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

　　規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

　　規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches

　　規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

　　規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

　　規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

　　3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

　　規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

　　規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

　　規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

　　4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

　　規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

　　規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

　　規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

　　5)動(dòng)詞過去式

　　規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

　　規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

　　規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

　　規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

　　規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

　　過去式的讀音

　　在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

　　在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

　　在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

　　6)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

　　比較級

　　規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

　　規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

　　規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

　　規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter

　　最高級

　　規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

　　規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

　　規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

　　規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest

　　7)常見縮寫：

　　is='s I am=I'm are='re

　　is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

　　do not=don't

　　does not=doesn't

　　was='s

　　did not=didn't

　　can not=can't

　　have='ve

　　has='s

　　have not=haven't

　　has not=hasn't

　　will='ll

　　will not=won't

　　shall not=shan't