小學(xué)英語語法:動詞時態(tài)1

11. 動詞的時態(tài)

11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。11.2 一般過去時的用法

1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?

2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型：

It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……時間了"　 "該……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了"　 "早該……了"

It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了。

It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'寧愿某人做某事'

I'd rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。

I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較：

一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含義：她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)

注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。

1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.

Scarf used to take a walk.　 (過去常常散步)

be used to + doing： 對……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)

典型例題

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't　　B. couldn't　C. don't　D. can't

答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。11.4 一般將來時

1)　shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。

will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2)　be going to +不定式，表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3)　 be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4)　be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

11.5 be going to / will

用于條件句時， be going to　表將來

will　表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　 (客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)

11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1)下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在時間或條件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來

意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

I'm leaving tomorrow.

Are you staying here till next week?

11.9 現(xiàn)在完成時

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀　態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去　但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或　狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過去分詞。