2016年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀判斷歷年真題及解析

　　2016年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀判斷歷年真題及解析

　　2015年真題

　　Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health

　　Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). The reminder is part of the academy's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.

　　"Many eye diseases progress without any waming sings," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. One of the hardest adjustments a person can make is adapting to life with permanent vision loss. That is why nothing replaces a comprehensive baseline eye exam."

　　Based on the findings from the initial screening, an ophthalmologist will create a schedule forfollow-up eye exams.

　　People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or at high risk due to family history,diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with their ophthalmologist to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.

　　By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

　　That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.

　　But many Americans are unconcemed about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concemed about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.

　　16. Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. In Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux's opinion, eye diseases progress by warning signs.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Gradual changes in vision can affect one's thought.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　2014年真題

　　Some Schooling on Backpacks

　　According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission,5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors offices' last year for sprains (扭傷) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American Academy of Orthopedic (整形外科的) Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children.

　　How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps (有墊的背帶)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist.Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.

　　How much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weighs 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker (儲物柜) to exchange books between classes.

　　Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too.

　　Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.

　　Roller bags often don't fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use,10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.

　　16. About six thousand American kids were injured'by carrying backpacks last year.

　　A. Right

　　B o Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17.70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Children should put all the books in their lockers.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpack.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. A 10-15 minutes' exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　2013年真題

　　Promising Results from Cancer Study

　　A new experimental vaccine has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.

　　Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in. these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.

　　This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them.

　　The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.

　　16. The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　17. Over forty people participated in the study.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. All the patients were from Dallas.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. NOT mentioned

　　21. The vaccine activates the immune system.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案與解析

　　2015年真題

　　16.A。題干：根據(jù)美國眼科學會的說法。每個人都需要在40歲時進行基線眼睛檢查，利用題干關(guān)鍵詞40和American Academy of Ophthalmology可以定位到文章第一段，由此可知根據(jù)美國眼科學會的說法，即便是沒有任何癥狀和風險因素的人也可能會遭遇失明，因而需要在40歲時進行基線眼睛的檢查。題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。

　　17.B。題干：根據(jù)Stephanie Marioneaux的觀點，眼睛疾病的發(fā)生都會有警告癥狀。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux和warning sign可以定位到文章第二段第一句，意為“許多眼睛疾病的發(fā)生都沒有警告癥狀”，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　18.C。題干：視覺的逐漸變化會影響一個人的思維。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gradual changes和affect thought可以定位到文章第二段第二句，意為“視覺的逐漸變化會影響你機體功能的獨立發(fā)揮以及會影響你對自己能力的信息”，但是并未提及對思維的影響，故該題答案為C。

　　19.A。題干：后續(xù)眼睛檢查的安排要根據(jù)最初檢測的結(jié)果進行安排。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞follow-up eye exams和initial screenin9可以定位到第三段，可知基于前期檢查的結(jié)果，眼科專家會為后續(xù)的檢查制定安排。由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。

　　20.B。題干：只有糖尿病和高血壓的老人應(yīng)該咨詢眼科醫(yī)師。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞diabetes和high blood pressure可以定位到第四段，可知任何年齡段的有眼疾癥狀的人或者因為家族史、糖尿病或高血壓而處于風險之中的人都應(yīng)咨詢眼科專家來決定他們進行眼部檢查的頻率，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　21.A。題干：白內(nèi)障和青光眼與年齡有關(guān)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Cataracts和glaucoma可以定位到最五段第一句，意為“到2020年，約4300萬美國人將會有失明和變成盲人的風險，因為那些與年紀有關(guān)的眼疾，諸如白內(nèi)障、青光眼等”。由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，所以該題答案為A。

　　22.B。題干：多數(shù)美國人對失明風險的關(guān)注多于對體重增加的關(guān)注。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞risk of vision loss和題目順序可以定位到最后一段的第一句，可知多數(shù)的美國人并不關(guān)注失明的風險，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　2014年真題

　　16.A。題干：去年大約有6000名美國孩子因為背包而受傷。由文章第一段第一句可知，根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，去年美國有5900個孩子因為由背帶書包引起的扭傷及拉傷而接受治療。故題干表述正確。

　　17.B。題干：70%的英國醫(yī)生曾經(jīng)治療過孩子的拉傷和扭傷。文章第一段最后一句中關(guān)于此處的表述背景是在美國，而題干中是英國，并且此處的70%指的是占接受調(diào)查醫(yī)生總數(shù)的比例。故題干描述錯誤。

　　18.A。題干：一個帶有寬背帶墊和腰帶的背包有利于避免拉傷和扭傷的問題。由文章第二段第二句和第三句可知，選擇一個帶有寬背帶墊和腰帶的背包有助于把背包的一部分重量從肩部和背部轉(zhuǎn)移分擔到臀部。

　　19.B。題干：一個體重100磅的孩子應(yīng)該背20多磅的背包。由文章第三段第三句可知，如果一個孩子體重為一百磅，那么他的背包負重不應(yīng)超過20磅。

　　20.B。題干：孩子們應(yīng)該將所有的書放進儲物柜里。由文章第三段最后一句可知，文章給出的建議是經(jīng)常去儲物柜調(diào)換不同科目用的課本，而不是將所有的課本都放入儲物柜里。

　　21.C。題干：拉桿式書包往往比普通背包重。文章第四段第二句中提到很多拉桿式書包比普通的帶肩帶背包要大，但并未提到其重量。

　　22.A。題干：10——15分鐘的鍛煉可以幫助你承受更多的重量。由文章最有一段最后一句可知，10到15分鐘的拉伸和背部強化鍛煉會是很不錯的方法。故題干描述正確。

　　2013年真題

　　16.B。題干：該疫苗治愈了參加試驗的所有患者。從第二段最后一句可知，有些患者被治愈了，有些患者是病情得到緩解，因此題干內(nèi)容有誤，故選B。

　　17.A。題干：超過四十人參加了這個試驗。從第二段第二句可知，參加試驗的有43人。因此題干內(nèi)容正確，故選A。

　　18.B。題干：試驗中，處于癌癥早期的患者恢復得更快。從第二段最后兩句可知，癌癥晚期的患者注射疫苗后有很大變化，癌癥早期的沒有多大起色。因此題干內(nèi)容有誤，故選B。

　　19.C。題干：所有患者都來自達拉斯。從第一段第二句可知，疫苗是達拉斯一所大學的醫(yī)療中心研究出來的，但并沒有提到患者來自哪里。因此答案為C(未提及)。

　　20.B。題干：每個患者注射的都是一樣的疫苗。從第三段前兩句可知每支疫苗都是根據(jù)患者的免疫系統(tǒng)(immune system)研究出來的，所以疫苗是不同的。因此題干內(nèi)容有誤，故選B。

　　21.A。題干：疫苗激活了免疫系統(tǒng)。從第三段第三旬可知，它能刺激(stimulate)人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，然后識別癌癥細胞是有害的，繼而攻擊和破壞這些癌細胞。因此題干內(nèi)容正確，故選A。

　　22.A。題干：疫苗可能在治療其他癌癥上發(fā)揮作用。根據(jù)文章第一段“…cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress ofthe disease in others.”和第四段最后一句“It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general，although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.”可知，題干敘述正確，故選A。